Diapositiva 1

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Francesca Vigo LINGUA INGLESE 1 P-Z SCI a.a.
06-07
The Language of Writing 2
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nouns

• Collective nouns of they indicate quantity
• Ex a crowd of people
• Unit noun of they indicate a single unit in
  a group
• Ex a piece of news
• Compound noun noun as modifier Ex travel
  agency conversion process
• adjective as noun Ex the
  sick

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Activity 4 ref AE 84Match the collective nouns
with the correct nouns

• A set of___ a pile of___ A bar of___
• a flock of___ a packet of ___ a herd of____
• A tin of____ A bunch of____ A spoonful
  of___
• A jar of____ A grain of_____ An item of___
• A drop of____ A loaf of____ A box of____
• A tube of____ A pack of___ a roll of_____
• keys cows birds film
  flowers sugar
• medicine soap biscuit matches
  pickles bread
• knives clothing cards salt
  wine Elephants
• beans rubbish toothpaste
  soup
• jam sand chocolate sheep
  toilet paper milk
• rice cornflakes

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KEYS

• a set of knives a pile of rubbish/sand
• a bar of chocolate/soap a flock of birds/sheep
• a packet of sugar/biscuits a herd of
  cows/elephants
• a tin of beans/soup a bunch of
  keys/flower
• a spoonful of sugar/medicine a jar of
  pickles/jam
• a grain of sugar/salt/sand/rice an item of
  clothing
• a drop of wine/soup/milk a loaf of bread
• a box of matches/cornflakes a tube of toothpaste
• a pack of cards a roll of film, toilet paper

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Activity 11 - Complete the following sentences
with opposite of the word in brackets.

• Clean light open small cold
• Low poor tall easy loud
• Right thin good old slow wet
• Hes very___________at his job (BAD)
• They live in a_______house in the country (BIG)
• She had____________brown hair (DARK)
• Its____________to get a job in this town
  (DIFFICULT)
• The room was very_________ (DIRTY)
• Clean it with a__________ cloth (DRY)
• The_________train leaves at 6 oclock (FAST)
• There was a__________wall around the house (HIGH)
• Could I have some more___________water, please?
  (HOT)
• Im going to wear my ___________clothes (NEW)
• He always speaks in a very _________ voice
  (QUIET)
• She comes from a very___________family (RICH)
• Hes quite__________ and has white hair (SHORT)
• The door is still_________ (SHUT)
• The ice was very________ in some places (THICK)
• Thats the________answer to the question (WRONG)

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KEYS

• Good 9. cold
• Small 10. old
• Light 11. loud
• Easy 12. poor
• Clean 13. tall
• Wet 14. open
• Slow 15. thin
• Low 16. right

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• WRITING IS..
• Permanent
• Distant
• Planned
• Formal
• linear/?
• a process (we see the final product..)
• WRITING NEEDS
• context
• purpose
• receiver (listener/ reader)

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Adjectives

• Root form
• ugly, cheap, big, old
• Derived form
• beautiFUL, expensIVE, InexpensIVE from
  nouns
• - attractIVE, amazINg, UnacceptABLE, readABLE
  from verbs
• Compound form (with hyphen)
• - brand-new, long-lasting, on-line
• ADJECTIVES ARE ALWAYS INVARIABLE
• Anche in a 5 year contract

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What do adjectives do? (role)

• They modify a noun, they are pre-modifier because
  of their position
• They can be complements with copulars
• ex I am tired
• She looks great
• they sound nice
• They can be predicatives they describe a subject
  or an object
• ex Mary found the food disgusting

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Predicatives modifiers

• OFTEN
• One adjective two roles
• Ex A huge basket
• It was a huge basket

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How do adjectives behave? (type)

• 2 main categories
• Qualitative / descriptive they give info about
  the noun
• they are gradable and can be modified
  (very)
• ex difficult, hot, wonderful, ugly etc
• Classifying they give info about the type of
  noun
• they cant be modified
• ex wooden, new, broken, Chinese

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Adjectives colours and shapes

• They are descritpive adjectives SO QUALITATIVE
• BUT
• They cant always be modified by sub-modifiers
• Ex it is extremely green

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Adjectives put them in order!!

• Sentences with MORE than 1 adjective.
• Some guidelines to order them
• Qualitative adjs precede classifying ones
• ex a clever Indian girl
• Number 3
• speakers opinion nice
• size wide
• age modern
• shape round
• colour pink
• how made hand-made
• origin British
• material.noun velvet.curtain

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Adjectives. Try to put the adjs in order Activity
p.90 n. 3.6

• A(n) solid gold antique beatifully-crafted German
  paper-knife
• A glass of first-rate, 5-year-old, straw
  coloured, French, table-wine
• A(n) 3-bed-room, beautifully-appointed, 18 th
  century, cottage
• A leather, black, hand-crafted belt
• A hand-painted, porcelain, willow-patterned plate
  

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Keys

• A beautifully crafted, antique German, solid gold
  paperknife.
• A glass of first-rate, 3-year-old, straw
  coloured, French, table-wine.
• A beautifully-appointed, 3-bedroom, 18th century
  cottage.
• A hand-crafted, black, leather belt.
• A hand-painted, willow-patterned, porcelain
  plate.
• An ultra-light, high-tech, wafer-thin, Japanese
  mobile.
• A square, batik, Indian, silk shawl.

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Adjective comparatives superlatives

• Qualitative adjectives ONLY
• Can be further modified by a sub-modifier
• Ex Slightly smaller

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Find the antonym

• An old song 9. Poor John!
• An old man 10. sweet tea
• Old English 11.sweet wine
• A fresh breeze 12. sweet food
• Fresh milk
• Fresh water
• A poor family
• A poor exam

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Keys Activity 3 AE 242

• 9. Good
• 10. Unsweetened
• 11. Lucky
• 12. Savoury
• 13. Hot
• 14. Beautiful
• 15. Short
• 16. heavy

• New
• Young
• Modern
• Warm
• old/off
• salt
• Rich
• Dry

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Verbs

• Function words auxiliaries and modals
• Lexical or main verbs
• Altre sottocategorie
• Delexicalized verbs verbs with weak meaning
• Direct object vs. indirect object

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Reflexive verbs

• Not frequently used
• Possessive adjectives are frequently used,
  instead.
• Ex she had a wash
• vs.
• she wash herself

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Delexical verbs

• Verbs that have little Meaning
• - to do, to get

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Adverbs

• Usually related to the verb
• Derivational ly
• happily
• Root form then, hard, well
• Simple
• Compound anywhere
• Adverbial clause I know her very well indeed

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Adverb order

• eMPTY
• M manner
• P place
• T time
• Y year (smaller time units before bigger ones)
• Ex Jan worked hard one long night last year

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Reading comprehension

• Yesterday I saw the palgish flester golliing
  begrunt the bruck. He seemed very chanderbil, so
  I did not jorter him, just deapled to him
  quistly. Perhaps later he will besand cander, and
  will be able to rangel to him.
• What was the flester doing, and where?
• What sort of a flester was he?
• Why did the writer decide not to jorter him?
• How did she deaple?
• What did she hope would have happened later?
• Why are you able to answer the questions?

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• Yesterday I saw the new patient along the
  corridor. He seemed very upset, so I did not
  follow him, just called to him gently. Perhaps
  later he will feel better, and I will be able to
  talk to him