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Genaral Anatomy of Gastro-Intestinal System The
Teeth,Oral Cavity Tongue, Salivary Glands,
Pharynx. Their Vessels and Innervation Zdenek
Halata, Department of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of
Medicine, Charles University in Prague
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• Digestive System
• Oral cavity (ectodermal origin)
• The gut and ist derivatives (entodermal origin)
  is devided in four sections
• Pharyngeal gut or pharynx
• Foregut - esophagus, stomach, ¼ of duodenum,
  liver and gallblader, pancreas
• Midgut ¾ of duodenum, jejujnum, ilium, colon
  caecum, colon ascendens and 2/3 of colon
  transversum
• Hindgut 1/3 of colon transversum, colon
  descendens, colon sigmoideum, colon rectum,
  canalis analis

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• Mucosa
• Masticatory mucosa
• Specialized mucosa
• Surrounding mucosa

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Taste bud
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Glandula parotis
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Glandula submandibularis
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Glandula sublingualis
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Tooth components Enamelum 95-98 anorganic
substances (hydroxyapatite) (Produced by
enamelo- 0,5 organic substances (amelogenins,
enamelins) blasts) 1-2 water Dentinum 75
anorganic substances (hydroxyapatite) (Produced
by odonto- 25 organic substances collagen I,
proteoglycans, blasts) water Cementum simil
ar in composition to bone, Haversian systems
are (Produced by cemento- absent blasts) Pulp
odontoblasts, fibroblasts, thin collagen
fibrils, glycosamino- glycans, blood vessels,
myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres
(nocireceptors) Periodontal ligament dense
connective tissue with collagen and
glycosaminogly- cans, nerve fibres with
mechanoreceptors, blood vessels
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pulpocyt
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Development of teeth Enamel from ectodermal oral
epithelium Dentin and Pulp from ectomesenchym of
the neural crest Dental lamina week 6
Ectoderm of the oral epithelium proliferates
as the dental lamina Bud stage 20 buds for
deciduous teeth, 32 buds for permanent
teeth Early cup stage Late cup stage outer
enamel epithelium, inner enamel epithelium Bell
stage inner enamel epithelium with thick basal
lamina, mesenchym cells form a layer of
odontoblasts
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Late cup stage
Dental lamina
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Enamel organ
Sklovina
Enamel
Zubovina
Dentine
Pulp
Cement
Cementum
Enamel organ
Zubni lista
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Enamel organ
Enamel organ
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• Sensory nerve endings of tooth and oral mucosa
• Periodontal Ligament 1. free nerve
  endings pain slowly adaptation
• 2. Ruffini
  corpuscles stretch slowly adaptation
• 3. Pacinian
  corpuscles touch, rapidly adaptation
• vibration
• Tooth pulp only free nerve endings
  pain slowly adaptation
• (FNEs)
• Oral mucosa
• Masticatory mucosy of gingiva and hard palate
• FNEs, Ruffini corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles,
  Meissner corpuscles
• Surrounding mucosa of cheeks, lips and soft
  palate
• FNEs, Ruffini corpuscles, Pacinian
  corpuscles, Meissner corpuscles
• Specialized mucosa of tongue

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Mastication muscles m. temporalis O fossa
temporalis I processus coronoideus
mandibulae F adduction (elevation), retraction
(retropulsion) In nn.temporales profundi m.
masseter O arcus zygomaticus I tuberositas
masseterica F elevation, protraction
(superficil layer) F retraction (deep
layer) In n.massetericus m. pterygoideus
medialis O fossa pterygoidea I tuberositas
pterygoidea F synergist of masseter
muscle In n.pterygoideus medialis m.
pterygoideus lateralis O crista infratemporalis,
lamina lateralis proc.pteryg. I fovea
pterygoidea, joint capsule, discus
articularis F protrusion, laterotrusion In n.pte
rygoideus lateralis
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Musculi faciei - Muscles of facial expression
Muscles of the lips and cheeks M. orbicularis
oris pars labialis, pars marginalis M.levator
labii superioris M.zygomaticus minor M.zygomaticus
major M.levator anguli oris M.risorius M.depresso
r anguli oris M.depressor labii
inferioris M.mentalis Muscles of the
eyelid M.orbicularis oculi pars orbitalis, pars
palpebralis, pars lacrimalis M.procerus M.corrugat
or supercilii M.frontalis Muscles of the
nostrils M.nasalis M.levator labii superioris
aleque nasi Muscle of the cheek M.buccinator
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Obrazky z nasledujicich pramenu Schumacher,
G.H. Anatomie für Stomatologen, Band 1, Johann
Ambrosius Barth Leipzig 1984 Tillmann,B. Atlas
der Anatomie, Springer 2004 McKinnon,P and
Morris J Oxford Textbook of Functional
Anatomy, Vol. 3. Oxford University Press
1990 Rogers AW Textbook of Anatomy, Churchill
Livingstone, Edinburgh 1992 Schünke M
Topographie und Funktion des Bewegungssystems,
Thieme, Stuttgart 2000