Diapositiva 1

1
Mexican Report on Phytosanitary Issues


Javier Trujillo Arriaga
October 2008
Senasica
2
Relevant Programs 2008

• Medfly (Cooperative Program)
• Fruit Flies
• Huanglongbing (Greening)
• Cactus Moth
• Pink Hibiscus Mealybug
• Pink Bollworm / Boll Weevil
• Panicle Rice Mite
• Asian Soybean Rust
• Cooperative Programs

3
Medfly (Cooperative Program)
Period from January 1 to October 4, 2008.

• After the high population pressures caused by the
  pest in Mexico in 2007 during 2008, we have had
  fewer outbreaks and detections.
• Mexico supports to increase the economic support
  for Moscamed, due the high risk of introduction
  and establishment in Mexico.
• Mexico supports the continuation of the 8 aerial
  aspersions programmed along the South-West of
  Guatemala to reduce the levels of pest
  infestation.
• Mexico supports the maintenance of the production
  of sterile flies of TSL strain at the Metapa
  Production Plant (500 million/week) and at El
  Pino Production Plant (1,300 million/week). The
  USDA program is to produce 1000 million/week at
  El Pino Plant.
• Mexico supports the creation of a Mexico-United
  States Commission for Moscamed, in order to
  obtain a better gradual advance in the
  eradication of the pest towards Central America.

4
Fruit Flies (Anastrepha
ludens and A. obliqua)

• SAGARPA in coordination with USDA consultants,
  Dra. Elba Quintero and Jim Reynolds, elaborated a
  Five Years Strategic Plan for the control of the
  Fruit Fly genera Anastrepha in Mexico and United
  States.
• In order to recognize Fruit Fly free areas for
  USDA, we now have operative plans aligned to this
  strategic plan, pilot program for exportation of
  fruit to the United States and we are
  strengthening all the quarantine measures, and so
  others.
• We have initiated actions to formalize the legal
  frame work, for the Fruit Fly Operative Programs
  that SAGARPA has in a coordinated manner with the
  USDA.

• Mexfly Low Prevalence Zone in 2008
• 2 municipalities of Michoacan State (july 29)
• 8 municipalities of Guerrero State ( september
  12)

5
Huanglongbing - HLB (Candidatus Liberibacter
spp)
National Detection Program States without citrus

• Huanglongbing has not been detected in Mexico.

• Strengthening Diagnosis with help and support
  from USDA (Real time - PCR),
• International training workshop on HLB and its
  vector (Hermosillo, Son. 7 - 9 may 2008 246
  participants from 11 countries).

Phytosanitary measures during 2008

• Survey of symptomatic trees (55,800 hectares),
• Molecular analysis of 1,100 plant samples,
• Molecular analysis of 1,450 psyllids samples.

6
Cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum)
National Preventive Program Eradication and
Survey Program States without Program
Phytosanitary measures

• Cactus moth eradicated from Isla Mujeres Isla
  Contoy (8 months without any detection of the
  cactus moth), Quintana Roo.
• Cactus moth declaration of eradication in Isla
  Mujeres in process of being publicated.
• Wide monitoring rute in the country.

Monitoring (trapping and sampling), public
awareness and training in 20 states.
Monitoring (trapping and sampling), host removal,
sterile insect release (Isla Contoy), training,
public awareness in Quintana Roo.
7
Cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum)
Priority Activities of the Binational Program
against the Cactus moth in the United States of
America
The spread is contained in the coast of Alabama
Pheromone enhancement. Development of a
Microsporidia (Nosema sp) free Cactoblastis
cactorum breeding colony for mass rearing.
Conduct studies to continue improving the
efficiency of the trapping system. Improving
artificial diet in the mass rearing process.
Eradication of infestations at Pensacola, in
Florida should be the top priority. Continue with
the cactus moth monitoring and suppression of
the cactus population in the islands and coast of
Gulf of Mexico. Preparation of an action plan
for the implementation of the program in 2009.
8
Pink hibiscus mealybug
(Maconellicoccus hirsutus)

• The biological control of this pest has been
  successful the levels of parasitism up to 98 .
• Control of the host material movement has
  contributed to slow down the movement of the
  pest.
• Surveillance through a pheromones trapping
  network for male population detection is
  maintained in the adjacent States (Campeche,
  Colima, Michoacan, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco and
  Yucatán).

9
Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiela)
Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis)

• Currently, there are 100,850 hectares of cotton
  in Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila,
  Durango, Sonora and Tamaulipas). The eighty-one
  percent, 82,000 hectares are under this SAGARPA-
  USDA cooperative program.
• 16,500,000 sterile moths are released per week.
• (Juarez Valley, Chih.)

• Control of Pink bollworm is carried out in Baja
  California, Chihuahua and Sonora states, on the
  other hand control for boll weevil is performed
  in the southern of Sonora, south and center of
  Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango and Tamaulipas.

• Since year 2001, the actions against these two
  pests have had the following results

10
Panicle Rice Mite (Steneotarsonemus spinki)

• From the time of the first detection, several
  sampling, training and technical assistance
  activities have been implemented through out an
  official program.
• Surveillance activities are carried out in the
  other States with rice crops.

Phytosanitary activities
Campeche, Tabasco and Veracruz
Sampling (43.853 ha) Management outbreaks Training
Colima, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán,
Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa and Tamaulipas
Sampling Diagnosis Training
11
Asian Soybean Rust (ASBR) (Phakopsora
pachyrhizi)

• Background
• February 2005, a technical cooperation project,
  between SENASICA and USDA-CREES was established
  to monitoring the course of the ASBR through a
  web mapping.
• October 2005, ASBR was first detected in La
  Huasteca in a soybean crop, in Tamaulipas and
  San Luis Potosi. This detection was reported at
  the NAPPO PAS.
• During 2006, this disease didnt occur in
  Mexico, due to unfavourable weather conditions
  for ASBR development.
• 2007, ASBR detected in yam bean crop at
  Papantla, in Veracruz.
• 2008, ASBR recently detected in yam bean crop at
  in Chiapas (Mapastepec), San Luis Potosi (Tamuín
  and Ebano), Tamaulipas (Mante, Altamira,
  Xicotencatl and Gonzalez) and Veracruz (Panuco).

12
Asian Soybean Rust (ASBR) (Phakopsora
pachyrhizi)

• Phytosanitary measures
• Following the ASBR detection, DGSV implemented an
  emerging program to carry out monitoring
  activities in the infected areas and to sampling
  in the areas where the disease wasnt still
  present, preventing with this the disease
  spreading.
• During March 2007, DSGV officers attended the
  University of Florida to be trained in the use of
  Integrated Pest Management-Pest Information
  Platform for Extension and Education and
  laboratory testing techniques (ELISA, PCR,
  immunostrip)
• Plant Health, State Committees officers were
  trained in monitoring activities, according to
  sentinel plots protocol.

During 2008, 187 sentinel plots and 38 single
observation plots have been established to
monitor the prevalence of ASBR in crops such as
bean, soybean, yam bean, in the states of
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí, Sonora,
Chiapas, Mexico, Guanajuato, Chihuahua and
Morelos.
13
Cooperative Programs / Development of revised
texts

• Cooperative Programs, between USDA and SAGARPA,
  are planned to provide continuity to the
  establishment of strategies and strengthening of
  the containment barrier against the Cactus Moth
  (Cactoblastis cactorum Berg.)

• Binational Programs, between USDA and SAGARPA,
  for the suppression/eradication of Pink Bollworm
  and Boll Weevil.

• Cooperative Program, between USDA-SAGARPA, for
  the surveillance and the preventive monitoring of
  the Citrus Huanglongbing (Candidatus
  Liberibacter).

14
Epidemiologic Surveillance
DSGV has become involved in coordinating efforts
with State Plant Protection Organizations, in
Mexico, to standardize regional schemes as a
warning for pests with an epidemiology based
overview. Aimed to achieving this goal, DGSV
jointly organized with APHIS-CSREES and
Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, the
International Workshop on Epidemiology
Surveillance for Plant Pest Monitoring, during
May 2008. Mexican technicians are expected to
make a stay of a month at the USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CHST-
PERAL in North Carolina, USA, where they will
learn to use the NAPPFAST and where they will be
transferred with technology knowledge and
experiences, in pests epidemiological
surveillance.
15
Laboratory's Diagnostics

• Bilateral USDASENASICA programs are intended for
  exchanging of laboratory testing protocols and
  positive controls detection of diseases of high
  concern in the NAPPO region (e. g. HLB and
  Phytophthora ramorum).
• Training workshops, for Mexican Officers, on
  diseases detection of high concern in the NAPPO
  region.
• The CNRF is the Mexican official laboratory and
  this centre is pursuing acknowledgement on ISO
  17025.

16
Pest Risk Assesment

• Risk mitigation measures associated with
  regulatory initiatives, for the movement of
  Phytophthora ramorum host materials, from United
  States to Mexico.
• Genetic characterization of Rhagoletis pomonella,
  R. cingulata and R. zoqui populations present in
  Mexico and United States.
• Make available sexual pheromones material for
  Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Epiphyas postvittana
  and Cactoblastis cactorum.

17
Thank you
trujillo_at_senasica.sagarpa.gob.mx