Chapter 12: Spread of Civilization in East and Southeast Asia

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Chapter 12 Spread of Civilization in East and
Southeast Asia
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Section 1 two golden ages of China

• In the late 600s, Wu Zhao became the only woman
  to rule China in her own name. Her strong rule
  helped guide China through one if its most
  brilliant periods. Two powerful dynasties, Tang
  and Tong restored unity in China.

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Section 1 two golden ages of China

• What was the impact of the collapse of the Han
  dynasty?
• China broke apart and remained divided for almost
  400 years.

• How did the Tang dynasty reunite China?
• This dynasty conquered territories deep into
  Central Asia and forced neighboring lands to
  become tributary states.

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Section 1 two golden ages of China

• How did the policy of land reform strengthen the
  central government?
• By breaking up large agricultural holdings and
  redistributing land to peasants, this weekend the
  power of large land owners.

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Section 1 two golden ages of China

• What were some of the contributing factors to the
  decline of the Tang dynasty?
• Corruption, high taxes, drought, famine and
  rebellions all contribute to the downfall of the
  dynasty

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Section 1 The Song Dynasty

• How did the rising productivity in farming
  benefit China?
• The rise in productivity created surpluses,
  allowing more people to pursue commerce,
  learning, or the arts

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Section 1 The Song Dynasty

• What was the significance of the Grand Canal to
  the Song dynasty?
• It linked the Huang River to the Chang River
  allowing tons of grain to be shipped to Northern
  China

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Section 1 The Song Dynasty

• How did foreign trade flourish under the Tang and
  Song?
• Merchants arrived from India, Persia and Arabia.
  Chinese merchants carried goods to Southeast Asia
  in exchange for spices and special woods.

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Section 1 The Song Dynasty

• Who was the head (leader) of the Tang and Song
  China?
• The emperor was at the head.

• What were the two main social classes in Tang and
  Song China?
• The Gentry and Peasants were the two main social
  classes.

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Section 1 The Song Dynasty

• What did Li Bo and Du Fu describe in their
  poetry?
• Their poems were more realistic and described the
  horrors of war.

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Section 2 the Mongol and Ming Empires

• What did Genghis Khan and the Mongol armies learn
  from Chinese and Turkish military experts?
• They learned to use cannons and other new weapons

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Section 2 the Mongol and Ming Empires

• Genghis Khan set an example by ruling conquered
  lands with toleration and justice. What
  religious ideas was he willing to listen too?
• He listened to the ideas of Buddhists,
  Christians, Muslims, Jews, and Zoroastrians.

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Section 2 the Mongol and Ming Empires

• How did Kublai Khan organize Mongol rule in
  China?
• He said that only Mongols could serve in the
  military and reserved the highest government jobs
  for Mongols, though Chinese official still ruled
  in the provinces.

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Section 2 the Mongol and Ming Empires

• Marco Polo visited China and wrote about his
  experiences. Where was Marco Polo from and how
  long did he stay in Cathay under Kublai Khan?
• He was from Venice, Italy and he stayed 17 years
  in China.

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Section 2 the Mongol and Ming Empires

• How did Chinese agriculture change in the 1500s?
• New crops reached China from the Americas,
  especially corn and sweet potatoes.

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Section 2 the Mongol and Ming Empires

• In terms of culture the Ming dynasty was known
  for these colorful vases?
• Blue and white porcelain.

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Section 2 the Mongol and Ming Empires

• What occurred in 1435 that changed Chinas
  relationship with the rest of the world?
• The Ming emperor banned the building of sea going
  ships and halted expeditions, thereby ending
  overseas exploration.

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Definitions and Key Terms

• Write a short definition for each of the terms
  listed below. Use your text book.

Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty Tributary state Land
reform Gentry Dowry
Pagoda Genghis Khan Kublai Khan Marco Polo Ming
Dynasty Zheng He