Chapter 13 A Growing Sense of Nationhood

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Chapter 13 A Growing Sense of Nationhood

• In Chapter 13 we will be looking at a Nation
  growing up and the following State Standard
• US8.4.4 Discuss daily life, including traditions
  in art, music and literature, of early national
  America.

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Chapter 13 I

• When Fort McHenry was bombed Francis Scott Key
  wrote The Defence of Fort McHenry
• It was put to music in October 1814 and sung as
  the Star Spangled Banner
• It became the National Anthem in 1931

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Chapter 13 II

• How was America different then Europe?
• A French nobleman named Alexis de Tocqueville
  toured the US in 1831 and 1832
• He wrote I do not know a country where the love
  of money holds a larger place in the heart of
  man.
• Americans lived for the pursuit of wealth.

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Chapter 13 III

• While there was a growing sense of National pride
• There were regional differences too.

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Chapter 13 IV

• In the early 1800s 66 of the population lived
  with-in 50 miles of the Atlantic coast.
• Less than 10 lived west of the Appalachian
  Mountains.
• Land between the eastern mountains and the
  Mississippi was the west.

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Chapter 13 V

• Travel was difficult
• News could take weeks to travel from one city to
  another.
• Because of the geographical differences distinct
  regional lifestyles developed.
• East Growing cities were enterprising, thrifty,
  and quick to chase a dollar

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Chapter 13 VI

• Rich plantation owners in the south gracious,
  cultured and (in the eyes of the Yankees), lazy.
• Frontiersmen of the west rugged, hardy and in
  the eyes of the easterners, crude.
• To try and over come some of the obstacles
  American leaders undertook an ambitious program
  of building roads and canals.

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Chapter 13 VII

• Uniting America required citizens to feel
  American
• After the War of 1812
• Americans started to believe that they were
  devoted to individualism and equality.
• As long as you were not a slave, Native American,
  or a woman.
• Believed they were different and better than
  Europeans.

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Chapter 13 VIII

• Samuel Wilson of New York supplied meat to the
  soldiers of 1812. They called him Uncle Sam.
• After the War of 1812. Uncle Sam (to match the
  initials U.S. for United States) became a popular
  nickname for the Federal government.
• The Cartoon followed later.

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Chapter 13 IX

• Painted by J.M.
• Flagg in 1917

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Chapter 13 X

• Alexis de Tocqueville wrote The Americans carry
  national pride to an altogether excessive
  length.
• Era of good feelings
• James Monroe was elected President in 1816
• He was so popular that he ran for re-election in
  1820 and was unopposed.

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Chapter 13 XI

• Many politicians wanted the federal government to
  take a more active role in building a national
  economy.
• This idea was led by Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun
  and Daniel Webster.
• Both believed that Americas future lay in
  Capitalism.

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Chapter 13 XII

• Capitalism An economic system based on the
  private ownership of farms and businesses.
• Proposed
• 1. High tariffs to protect industry.
• 2. Building roads and canals to transport goods.
• 3. A national bank to standardize currency and
  provide credit.

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Chapter 13 XIII

• Congress adopted the Second Bank of the United
  States in 1816.
• The first was allowed to lapse in 1811.
• Bank was a private business, but the government
  owned one-fifth of it and deposited government
  funds there.

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Chapter 13 XIV

• Judicial Nationalism John Marshall Supreme Court
  Chief Justice from 1801 to July 6, 1835
• His decisions had three major impacts.
• 1. Strengthened the role of the Court
• 2. Strengthened federal power over the states
• 3. Encouraged the growth of capitalism

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Chapter 13 XV

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). Confirmed
  congresss power to create a national bank that
  was free from states interference.
• Ruled that business contracts could not be
  broken, even by state legislatures
• In Gibbons v Ogden (1824) Ruled that only
  congress had the authority to regulate interstate
  commerce.

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Chapter 13 XVI

• Era of good feelings ended in 1824
• Four candidates wanted to succeed Monroe
• None won a majority in the Electoral College.
• John Quincy Adams was elected by the House.
• Andrew Jackson, who received the most popular
  vote started the Democratic Party and Partisan
  strife started.
• Jackson was elected President in 1828

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Chapter 13 XVII

• Folk Art was norm at this time. Quilts,
  weathervanes, decoys.
• Most professionals painted
• portraits. Gilbert Stuart was
• the most famous.
• Upper right is George
  Washington
• Lower left is James
  Monroe

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Chapter 13 XVIII

• John James Audubon painted 435 finely detailed
  pictures of birds.
• His book The Birds of America was published in
  England .
• The National Audubon Society was incorporated
  with his name in 1905.

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Chapter 13 XIX

• George Catlin saw the native American ways
  disappearing and crisscrossed the west painting
  them.
• He painted their villages, hunts and rituals.
• He made over 700 sketches.

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Chapter 13 XX

• Music was mostly performed and heard in Church
• Most music was new lyrics put to old tunes.
• Star Spangled Banners music was from an old
  English drinking song.
• "The Anacreontic Song"

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Chapter 13 XXI

• In the South, Slaves combined hymns with African
  music styles to create Spirituals
• In the South and West Square Dances were popular.
• Southern white composers, inspired by the music
  of black slaves created minstrel songs
• Honored black music but mimicking it

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Chapter 13 XXII

• One of the songs was called Jump Jim Crow
• The racist phrase Jim Crow lasted many years and
  is used in the Jim Crow laws that discriminated
  against African Americans after the Civil War

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Chapter 13 XXIII

• Stephen Foster was the most famous
• Camptown Races, Oh! Susanna

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Chapter 13 XXIV

• Literature grew thanks to
• Washington Irving Rip Van Winkle and the Legend
  of Sleepy Hollow
• James Fenimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans
• Edgar Allan Poe The Raven, The Bells
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow The Song of Hiawatha
  and Paul Reveres Ride

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Chapter 13 XXV

• America was building something unique
• Rulers served the people, rather than people
  serving the rulers
• Men who started with nothing became wealthy
• National identity was reflected in politics and
  the arts.
• Slavery however was starting to eat away at the
  country
• Alexis de Tocqueville wrote Slavery, in the
  midst of the democratic freedom and enlightenment
  of our age, is not an institution that can
  endureOne must expect great misfortunes.