Unikodo standartas

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Unikodo standartas

• Rimgaudas Laucius
• 2006

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Keletas faktu

• Pradetas kurti 1988 m. Iejo kelios versijos.
  Paskutine dar oficialiai nepaskelbta, taciau
  baigiama rengti versija 5.0.
• Standartas atviras.
• Tinklalapis www.unicode.org

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Santykis su ISO 10646

• enklu lenteles sutampa
• Unikodas apibreia ne tik enklu lentele, taciau
  ir taisykles susijusias su ju realizacija
  kompiuteryje.

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Pagrindiniai Unikodo principai
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Universalumas, efektyvumas,vienareikmikumas
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Apimama enklu aibe

• The Unicode Standard is a superset of all
  characters in widespread use today. It contains
  the characters from major international and
  national standards as well as prominent industry
  character sets.

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4 versijos enklu aibe

• The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0, contains
  96,382 characters from the worlds scripts. These
  characters are more than sufficient not only for
  modern communication in most languages, but also
  for the classical forms of many languages. The
  standard includes the European alphabetic
  scripts, Middle Eastern right-to-left scripts,
  and scripts of Asia, as well as many others. The
  unified Han subset contains 70,207 ideographic
  characters defined by national and industry
  standards of China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan,
  Vietnam, and Singapore. In addition, the Unicode
  Standard includes punctuation marks, mathematical
  symbols, technical symbols, geometric shapes, and
  dingbats.

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Kodo vienetu kiekis

• In the Unicode Standard, the codespace consists
  of the integers from 0 to 10FFFF16, comprising
  1,114,112 code points available for assigning the
  repertoire of abstract characters.
• Klaidinga manyti, kad Unikodas tai tik 16 bitu
  enklu kodavimo budas (taip galima ukoduoti 64K
  enklu)

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Sritys

• The Unicode codespace consists of the numeric
  values from 0 to 10FFFF16, but in practice it has
  proven convenient to think of the codespace as
  divided up into planes of characterseach plane
  consisting of 64K code points.
• The Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP, or Plane 0)
  (consists of the range 000016..FFFF16) contains
  all the common-use characters for all the modern
  scripts of the world, as well as many historical
  and rare characters.
• Sekancios dvi sritys turi nedaug labai retai
  naudojamu enklu. Kitos apskritai dar yra tucios.

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Lietuvikos abecelesraidiukodai Unikode
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enklu kodavimo budai

• UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32 (visi budai ekvivalentus ir
  lygiaverciai)

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Baitu idestymo kryptis

• BOM
• FEFF
• FFFE
• EF BB BF

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Unikodo enklu ymejimas

• Unikodo kodus priimta ymeti Uxxxx. Cia xxxx yra
  keturenklis eioliktainis skaicius kodo eiles
  numeris.
• Unikodo enklai taip pat turi vardus. Pvz.
  (parayti didiosiomis raidemis)

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Unikodas apireia enklus, o ne paveikslelius
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Pagrindines Unikodo sritiessandara
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Kombinaciniai enklai
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Kombinacines sekos
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enklu ekvivalentumas
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Privati sritis

• 6400 enklu pradedant nuo UE000
• Tucia sritis, kuri gali buti naudojama saviems
  tikslams

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Surogatu sritis

• UD800 UDFFF
• Naudojama taikant UTF-16 metoda, likusiu sriciu
  (be pagrindines) kodavimui kodo vienetu poromis

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Kaip atpainti kodavimo metodus
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WindowsDOS
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Rusikas tekstas

• Jei matosi vien neaikus enklai, tuomet verta
  pabandyti rusikas Windows ir DOS koduotes (1251,
  866

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UTF-8

• Matosi tik nesamones, taciau labai danai ir ypac
  del to kad odiu pradioje kartojasi tas pats
  enklas (iuo atveju a)

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Unikodas

• Kas antra raide kartojasi tas pats enklas. Prie
  anglikas raides tarpai. (failo pradioje raide)

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Nemokamas, geras teksto doroklis mokantis daug
koduociu - UniRed
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Kodav