Northern Brazil

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Northern Brazil
Group 1 Ashley Capco, Megan Collins, Nick
Mumber, Sam Renfrow, Dan Thomas, Chris Wozniak
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The Environment

• The rainforest region of Brazil
• The biggest of the five major
• regions
• States within this region
• -Rondonia
• -Acre
• -Amazonas
• -Roroaima
• -Para
• -Tocantins
• -Amapa

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Climate

• Equatorial
• -High temperatures, average of 24C 26C
• -High annual precipitation
• Very Humid Atmosphere
• Rainfall 2000-3000 mm/year

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Climate Map of Brazil
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Population

• Largest Populations in Para and Rondonia
• Major Cities
• -Belem
• -Sunterem
• -Manaus

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Environmental Issues

• Deforestation in the Amazon
• Desertification
• Soil Erosion
• Pollution

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The Culture of Northern Brazil

• Influenced by Portuguese
• culture as well as that of
• Native tribes such as
• the Tupi
• Tupi tribe make up modern
• lower class of Northern
• Brazil which is highly
• populated by native
• Brazilians

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Religion Catholicism. Although they also draw
aspects of their culture from the natives Many
non-practicing Catholics live in Brazil would be
considered agnostic in America

• Sports
• Soccer is often played on the streets in Northern
  Brazil
• People take of work to watch big games like the
  World Cup
• Footvolley Ball incorporates a mixture of
  Soccers rules with a volleyball net and court.
  It is popular in Brazil

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Food

• Diets consist mainly of fish, root vegetables,
  and tropical fruit
• Popular Dishes
• -Tacara soup made from paracross, cassava,
  dry shrimp, and yellow peppers
• -Acai a fruit used in smoothies, soda, other
  beverages, and in tapioca
• -Picadinho de Jacare meal made from alligator
  meat
• Important Ingredients beans and rice (often
  served together), palm oil, codfish, shrimp
• Capirnha national alcoholic beverage of
  Brazil

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Government

• Federative Republic
• -Indissoluble association of the States, the
  Federal District, and the Municipalities
• -26 Total States
• -7 Northern States
• Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia,
  Roraima, and Tocantins

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Government

• The Union
• -Headed by the President
• -Head of State, Head of Government
• Each State
• -Headed by a Governor
• -Has on legislative body
• Each Municipality
• -Has own legislative council and mayor
• -Hierarchically independent from both federal
  and state government

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The Union

• President Elected for a four year term
• -Re-elected for one other term
• Bicameral Nation Congress
• -Chamber of Deputies elected every four years
• Proportional representation by states
• Federal Senate
• -Elected for an eight year term
• Law Making
• -Executive has right to veto on new legislation
• - Provisory Measure
• Immediate binding force of the Law
• Full power for up to 120 days (unless removed
  by congress)

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Currency

• Currency Real (plural Reais), symbol is R
• Their Bills are illustrated with Brazilian
  animals
• 1 U.S. Dollar 2.05240

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Economy in Northern Brazil

• The economy in the Northern Region of Brazil
  focuses on iron, energy production, electronics,
  and agriculture
• The region contributes a minor percentage in the
  national GDP and population
• One of the most poverty stricken areas in Brazil

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Economy of Acre

• The economy is heavily based on the exploration
  of natural resources.
• Rubber is the most important product, which was
  the main cause of the settlement of the state.
• Most production comes from the area of the basin
  of the Purus River.
• Agriculture also plays a big part in Acres
  economy. (Beans, sugarcane, and rice)

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Economy of Amapá

• Amapá is one of Brazils poorest regions
• Mineral Production was one of the most important
  sectors of Amapás economy.
• At first it was dependent primarily on rubber
  exports. However, in the 1950s manganese was
  discovered. Manganese along with timber and
  other minerals has become the main source of
  income.
• Today, largely through the port of Santana, Amapá
  exports minerals, timber, palm oil and other
  agricultural and forest products.
• The government of Amapá believes tourism will be
  a promising development in the regional economy.

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Economy of Amazonas

• Amazonas economy used to be completely reliant
  upon salt. Nowadays, it has a wide variety of
  industries, including agricultural products.
• The most recent change in the state's economy is
  the effort the Brazilian government is making to
  pursue the development of industries which main
  focus will be the exporting of consumer goods.
• Due to its geographical proximity to the markets
  in the northern hemisphere and Amazon countries,
  like Venezuela, they believe this move will have
  a great economic impact not only in the north
  region of Brazil but in the entire country.

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Economy of Pará

• Pará is the richest state in Brazil when it comes
  to minerals.
• Since colonial times the economy was based on
  natural resources. In the fertile areas, near
  the rivers, traditional products are cultivated
  for subsistence rice, beans, corn.

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Economy of Rondônia

• Economy is based on agriculture and extrativism
• A major development in their economy was due to a
  road named BR-364 which connected two cities that
  could not before be traveled to unless through
  the river (which made the inflow and outflow of
  products difficult)
• Principal products are soy, coffee, corn, cocoa,
  beans and rice
• Cattle raising is another product that has
  boosted the economy. Rondônia has one of the
  largest count of cattle heads in Brazil.

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Economy of Roraima

• Biggest product is cattle
• Agriculture production is mostly internal
  consumption. The main products are rice, manioc,
  corn, banana and orange.
• The economy is directly related to the situation
  of the Indians. The forests of Roraima have
  several tribes (including the largest tribe in
  Brazil)
• More than half the area of the
• state constitutes Indian reserve.
• These reserves cannot be economically
• explored. Minerals like gold and diamond
• have been found in the reserve.
• This has caused a conflict with those that defend
  the Indian reserves and those who defend economic
  progress.

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Economy of Tocantins

• Economy is dependent on cattle raising
• The federal government is trying to broaden
  Tocantins economic horizons by funding the
  construction of a hydroelectric dam in the state.
  
• This dam has caused some disturbance in
  displacing the indigenous people, but has with
  out a doubt contributed a lot to the economy of
  Tocantins.

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Hydroelectric Dam
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Northern Brazil Companies

• Via Terra Manufacturer of school
• uniforms based in state of Pará that
• is investing in the production of male
• t-shirts and hoping to expand into Arab
• and European markets.
• Amazon Hands Manufacturer of
• handicraft products (i.e. purses and
• lampshades) that is based in Palmas,
• Tocantins, and exports to the U.S.,
• France, and Saudi Arabia while selling
• mostly in São Paulo

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Companies Cont.

• Rico Linhas Aéreas Airline based in Manaus,
  Amazonas that operates extensive passenger and
  cargo services in the Amazon region and Northern
  Brazil (See picture at left)
• Fabral Off-road vehicle manufacturer started in
  2002 based in Palmas, Tocantins that produces the
  Santana Jalapao and Santana Aribal
• Tavaj Linhas Aéreas Airline based in Rio Branco,
  Acre and operates extensively in N. Brazil

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Gemstones What are gemstones?

• Gemstones are
• -Minerals
• -Rocks
• -Petrified Material
• Cut and polished
• Used as collectibles or for jewelry

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Brazilian Gemstones
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Formation of Gemstones

• Far below the Earths surface
• Tremendous heat and pressure
• Atoms of different elements combine
• Brought to surface
• -Volcanic eruptions
• -Erosion

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Mining

• Must mine for gemstones

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Buying Gemstones

• Mines individually owned
• -Must have a license to mine for gemstones
• Rough gemstones sold to buyers
• -Buyers travel to regions where gemstones are
  bought
• -Middlemen buy and sell the gemstones

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Fixing Up

• Cleaning
• -After mining, gemstones go to labidary
• -Grind off excess rock
• Cutting
• -Faceting
• -Reflect most light
• Polishing

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Jewelry Companies
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H. Stern Company

• Owner-Hans Stern
• Founded small gemstone trading company in 1945
• 1950s-Began tours through workshops and opened
  museum
• 1958-First in Latin America to establish
  gemological laboratory