Anatomical Directional

1
Anatomical/ Directional Terms
Distal - Proximal - Lateral - Medial - Superior
- (aka cranial) Inferior - (aka caudal)
2
Anatomical/ Directional Terms
Anterior - (aka ventral) Posterior - (aka
dorsal) Superficial - Deep - Plantar - Dorsal -
3
Leg Swing during gait (walking/running)
axis
plane
Walking motion occurs in a side view plane Axis
passes through joint center, motion occurs about
an axis
4
Body Planes

• Sagittal
• Frontal
• Transverse

5
Cardinal or Mid Planes

• Midplane
• Center of mass (c.m.) -

6
Body Planes Axes

• Medial-Lateral (Transverse) Axis
• Anterior-Posterior (Anteroposterior) Axis
• Longitudinal Axis

7
Sagittal Plane Joint Movements

• flexion -
• extension -

8
Sagittal Plane Joint Movements

• dorsiflexion -
• plantar flexion -

9
Frontal Plane Joint Movements

• abduction -
• adduction -

10
Frontal Plane Joint Movements

• elevation -
• depression -

11
Frontal Plane Joint Movements

• inversion -
• eversion -

12
Frontal Plane Joint Movements

• radial deviation -
• ulnar deviation -

13
Frontal Plane Joint Movements

• L/R lateral bending bend trunk to L/R

14
Transverse Plane Joint Movements

• Rotation about longitudinal axis
• medial rotation
• lateral rotation

15
Transverse Plane Joint Movements

• supination
• pronation

16
Transverse Plane Joint Movements

• horizontal adduction
• horizontal abduction

17
Circumduction rotation of body segment w.r.t.
long axis of segment
18
Sagittal Plane Movements
19
Frontal Plane Movements
20
Transverse Plane Movements
21
Acknowlegment

• Figures reprinted from
• Hall, Susan. Basic Biomechanics, McGraw-Hill,
  1999.