EDN 200

1
EDN 200

• Historical Foundations of American Schooling
• September 11, 2006

2
Todays Plan

• Research Paper Update
• Review Comments/Questions - New Teachers
• Video - Teachers in Cinema
• Historical Foundations

Tozer, 2006
3
Research Paper Update

• Topics to me by today
• Email or hard copy
• Improved Research Paper Assignment
• On-line

4
New Teachers

• Reactions to Article
• How the public sees teachers

5
Historical Foundations

• Goal Develop a framework for analyzing schools
  and schooling in America. Understand
  relationship between and among PE, I, S.

Schooling
Political Economy
Ideology
6
Schooling

• The totality of experiences occurring within the
  institution of school
• Formal curriculum, extracurricular activities
• hidden curriculum - lessons learned based on
  school structure, order, rewards, authority, etc.
  
• Reflects the influence of government
• State governments fund, establish most
  guidelines, determine teacher qualifications

7
Political Economy

• Social, cultural, economic, political, and
  demographic dimensions of a society
• I.e. school, family, police force, banking
  industry, government structure, etc.
• How a society is organized in order to function

8
Ideology

• Societys justification for its political,
  social, and economic arrangements
• The beliefs, value systems, and understandings of
  social groups
• Almost always created and articulated by the
  dominant group (the dominant ideology)
• Dominant group tends to support and perpetuate
  dominant ideology because they benefit from it
• Discord between social groups leads to different
  views of ideology and (when number in
  disagreement grows, ideologies change or
  revolution possible)
• Embedded in ALL societies

9
Analytic Framework
Schooling Goals Practices Organization Teachers
Experience Students Experiences
Political Economy Institutions
Processes Social Economic Political Educational
Ideology Shared Beliefs Shared Values Shared in
Social Groups
10
Jefferson

• Brilliant and Still Controversial
• Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights
• Slave owner
• Father of American Education

11
Political Economy1776 - 1825

• Geography
• settled and unsettled lands
• Agrarian society
• Very poor transportation options
• Governance
• Post-Revolution structure
• Self-governance
• Community regulation (back to transportation)

12
Ideology1776 - 1825

• Classical Liberalism
• Replaced Feudalism (based on class structure)
• Based on commitment to individualism
• Freedom to pursue economic rewards (capitalism)
• Freedom of worship
• Separation of Church and State

13
IdeologyClassical Liberalism

• Faith in Reason
• Rejected tradition and believed in mind of man
• Natural Law
• Believed they could figure out the why of the
  universe
• Republican Virtue
• Hard work, faith in God, work for public good
• Progress
• Belief that man has infinite potential for
  improvement generation after generation
• Nationalism
• Commitment to a nation, not a region or state
• Freedom
• Really negative freedom or lack of restraint or
  interference on thought, capitalism, politics

14
Analytic Framework
Schooling Goals Practices Organization Teachers
Experience Students Experiences
Political Economy Institutions
Processes Social Economic Political Educational
Ideology Shared Beliefs Shared Values Shared in
Social Groups
15

• I know of no safe depository of the ultimate
  powers of society but the people themselves and
  if we think them not enlightened enough to
  exercise their control with a wholesome
  discretion, the remedy is not to take it from
  them, but to inform their discretion by
  education.
• Thomas Jefferson, 1820

16
Jeffersons Plan for Public Schooling

• Four Tiers of Education
• Elementary Districts
• Break state into small districts (5-6 sq. mi.)
  and establish community school in each
• All free children could attend 3 years for free
• Overseer for 10 schools hires, fires
• Reading, writing, math, history

17
Jeffersons Plan for Public Schooling

• Grammar Schools
• Boarding schools
• Six-year curriculum
• One boy from each elementary school on
  scholarship (bottom third expelled at end of 1st
  year)
• 20 schools in state
• 3 Rs and heavy emphasis on languages

18
Jeffersons Plan for Public Schooling

• University
• University of Virginia
• Referred to others as petty academies
• Free-choice but with language requirements
• Self-Education
• Goal of Education is to provide for life-long
  learning!
• Provide for library funding

19
(No Transcript)