The West and the World Chapter 17

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The West and the WorldChapter 17
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Map Exercise 17.1Spain and Portugal
Explorations Colonies, c. 1600 CE (page 386)

• 1. Colonies and Geography
• a. Where are Spains colonies located?
• b. Where are Portugals colonies located?
• 2. Routes
• a. Identify the explorers who sailed for Spain
  Portugal
• b. Describe their routes using compass
  directions and seas sailed.

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Map Exercise 17.2France, Britain, and Dutch
Holdings, c. 1700 (page 388)

• 1. Identify the colonial holdings of each
  European power.
• a. France
• b. Britain
• c. The Dutch
• 2. Why would Europe be able to settle the
  interiors of the American continents but not
  Africa?
• 3. Why might European possessions be very
  limited on the continental coasts of Asia (as
  opposed to the islands offshore)?

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Maritime Power - wests first outreach
knowledge of outside world
upper classes become used to imports
new technology
round-hull ships sail Atlantic new
metalworkbetter cannon compass better
map-making
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Portugal Spain
Vasco de Gama India 1497 Indonesia China
1514 Japan - 1542
forts in African Asian ports
Spain goes west Americas
Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the globe
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Northern European Expeditions
1500s Britain, Holland, France
British naval victory over Spain 1588
North America
Dutch to Indonesia, South Africa
all received government awarded monopolies of
trade - chartered companies
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major consequences for world history
more inclusive world economy
opening of parts of the world to western
colonization
Columbian Exchange
lack of immunitydeath from smallpox measles
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European population in Americas grew
New World crops change life in old world
new animals to Americas
population increases
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west dominates international trade (GB, Dutch,
French)
Asian shipping continues, Muslim traders in East
Africa, Turks in Mediterranean
Europeans secure harbors build forts to protect
commerce
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1600s new world economy dominated by Europeans
- expand manufacturing - mercantilism to protect
home markets support exports - tariffs to
discourage competition from rivals
rest of world supply raw materials -buy
manufactured goods from Europe
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International Inequality
core regions dependent economic zones
some in dependent areas gain wealth - African
slave traders - food merchants in Latin America
wealth gained spent on European imports no
local manufacturing
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many areas not affected by world economy (most
peasants)
East Asia regional commerce
China not interested in international trading
Europeans still wanted Chinese products -
American silver paid for it
Japan isolated
Ottoman, Persia, Mughal India -limited trade
Russia most of Africa not involved
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Expansionism
dominance spreads to new areas 17 18th c.
tariffs against Indian cotton cloth
Britain turns holdings into dependent regions
Eastern Europe joins world economy
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Colonial Expansion
Americas loosely controlled colonies
West Indian Islands Panama Aztecs Incas
early colonies want gold - tribute w/o
administration
agricultural settlements more formal
administration
missionary
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North America
early 17th c - French Canada - British
Dutch Atlantic coast - all 3 West Indian
islands
different from Latin America
French manorial estates - Catholic Church
important - surrender to British 1763
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less value than Asian or West Indian colonies -
small populations, not much trade
Indians Europeans dont mix (did in Latin
America)
Indians die or move west - new culture with horse
slavery
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North American society Western European
- trade manufacturing - Enlightenment ideas -
political assemblies
family political economic ideology
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Africa Asia
Europeans stay on coast
except - Angola slave expeditions - South
Africa - settlements
South Africa Dutch expand to interior - wars
with Bantu
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Asia few settlements
Spain Philippines - strong church presence
Dutch East India Co. - Indonesia
French British fight over Mughal Empire -
British win - defeat Indians too
India - administration limited (unlike N.A.) -
agreements with local rulers - cultural impact
slight - few settlers
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colonial development affects Europe -
economically - diplomatically
colonial rivalries add to existing hostilities
between countries
bring new wealth products
Seven Years War - first world wide war -
Europe, Asia, America