SQ3R notes Anatomy

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SQ3R notesAnatomy

• Chapter 3

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1. What is the digestive system?

• Food must be broken down to a form that cells can
  use
• Digestive tract
• 8 organs joined together end to end

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2. How is food broken down in the digestive tract?

• 2 types of digestion
• Mechanicalphysically crushing the food into
  smaller pieces

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• Chemical digestion
• Large molecules are broken down into nutrients by
  enzymes
• Enzymes are chemicals used by the body to break
  down food into smaller molecules

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• There are 3 types of nutrients
• -carbohydrates
• -proteins
• -fats

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3. What happens in the mouth?

• Chewing is needed to swallow food and to speed up
  chemical digestion

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• Saliva is mixed with the small pieces to start
  chemical digestion

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• Esophagus contracts by peristalsis to swallow

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4. What happens in the stomach?

• Mechanical digestion squeezing
• Chemical digestion acid and enzymes added to
  the food

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• Chyme the soupy mix of food, acid, and enzymes

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• Valve at the end of the stomach controls amount
  of chyme that is released into the small intestine

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5. What does the small intestine and pancreas do?

• Very long---6 meters
• Absorbs food particles into the blood by diffusion

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• Lined with villi (small finger like projections)

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• Pancreas is located between stomach and small
  intestine
• Secretes pancreatic juice into small intestine

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• Pancreatic juice neautralizes the acid in the
  chyme and adds more enzymes

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6. What do the liver and gall bladder do?

• Liver has 4 jobs
• Make bile (digests fat)
• Store nutrients not needed immediately
• Breaks down toxins
• Makes cholesterol (used to make hormones)

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• Gallbladder
• Stores bile and releases it into the small
  intestine

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7. What happens in the large intestine?

• Hold nondigestible material
• Takes out water from left over material and
  returns it to the blood
• Waste material turns solid and is excreted out
  the body

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8. What are some digestive problems?

• Heart burn
• Colon cancer
• Gastric ulcer
• Constipation
• Diarrhea

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9. What does the urinary system do?

• Excretion---removing waste through a membrane
• Skin sweat
• Lungs CO2
• Urinary system waste from blood

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• Kidney
• Bladder
• vessels

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10. How do the kidneys work?

• 2000 liters of blood filtered a day
• Blood cycles through 350 times a day

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• Nephrons are filter cells in the kidney
• See page 63

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11. How does water affect your body?

• Water balance controlled by hormones
• Water level down less water in saliva dry
  mouth

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• Diuretics cause kidneys to take water from body
  and make you more thirsty
• Caffeine is a diuretic

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12. What are urinary disorders?

• Infections
• Kidney stones
• Kidney disease