Respiratory Physiology

1
Respiratory Physiology

• Exercise 37A

2
Mechanics

• Boyles Law and Diffusion
• Boyles law
• Diffusion
• Pulmonary Ventilation
• Inspiration
• Contraction of inspiratory muscles
• Volume
• Pressure

3
Mechanism

• Pulmonary Ventilation
• Expiration
• Inspiratory muscles
• Compression
• Intrapulmonary pressure
• Inhalation
• Exhalation
• Non-respiratory air movements

4
Respiratory Sounds

• Bronchial Sounds
• Vesicular Sounds
• Bronchial
• Examples of Breath Sounds

5
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
(Healthy adult male)

• Tidal Volume (TV)
• 500ml
• Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
• 3100ml
• Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
• 1200ml
• Vital Capacity (VC)
• 4800ml
• VCTVIRVERV
• Residual Volume (RV)
• 1200ml
• Total Lung Capacity
• TLCVCRV
• 6000ml

6
Gas Exchange and Transport

• Molecular Composition of Air
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Water
• Carbon dioxide
• Atmospheric pressure
• 760 mm Hg
• Dalton's law
• Air-Water Interface

7
Alveolar Gas Exchange

• Alveolar gas exchange
• Process
• Efficiency
• Factors affecting efficiency
• concentration gradients of the gases
• solubility of the gases
• membrane thickness
• membrane area
• ventilation-perfusion coupling.
• The condition of the alveoli and the respiratory
  membranes is an indicator of certain diseases.
• Ventilation-perfusion coupling

8
Gas Transport

• Erythrocytes
• Hemoglobin molecules.
• Globulin
• Composition
• Heme group
• Oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)
• Carrying capacity
• Morphology

9
Transport

• Transportation of carbon dioxide from the tissues
  to the lungs.
• Plasma.
• Carboxyhemoglobin
• Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) in the carbonic acid.

10
Respiration Control

• Nervous control
• Physical factors
• Emotional factors
• Chemical factors
• Changes in blood levels
• Carbon dioxide
• Rising levels
• Falling levels
• Hyperventilation
• Oxygen