Respiratory System

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Respiratory System

• Mrs. Halkuff
• Anatomy Physiology

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Respiratory System Includes

• Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
• Nose External oxygen enters the body.
• Pharynx Serves as a passageway for food AND
  air. (Throat)
• Larynx Voicebox

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Respiratory System Includes

• Trachea Windpipe Leads oxygen to lungs.
• Bronchi Division of the trachea Attaches to
  lungs.
• Lungs Large respiratory organs Run from the
  clavicles to the diaphragm
• Alveoli Air sacs in the lungs.

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External Respiration

• External Respiration External air is drawn into
  the lungs to supply oxygen and used air is
  expelled from the lungs to remove CO2.

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Internal Respiration

• Gas exchange between blood tissue (CO2 is
  removed from blood replaced with O2).

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Mechanics of Breathing

• Inspiration Air flow into the lungs (inhaling)
• Expiration Air leaving the lungs (exhaling)

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Inspiration

• Intercostal muscles contract
• Sternum ribs moves upward outwards
• Diaphragm flattens
• Increase volume of the thoracic cavity

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Expiration

• Intercostal muscles relax
• Sternum ribs move downward inward.
• Diaphragm relaxes forming a bell shape.
• Volume in thoracic cavity decreases.

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Respiratory Volume Capacity

• Tidal Volume The amount of oxygen taken in with
  a regular breath. (Sitting in class)
• Inspiratory Reserve Volume Oxygen that can be
  taken in forcibly over the tidal volume. (Before
  blowing up balloon)
• Expiratory Reserve Volume The amount of oxygen
  that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal
  expiration. (While blowing up balloon)
• Vital Capacity Total amount of exchangeable
  oxygen.
• TV IRV ERV VC

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Voice Production

• Relies on
• Respiration
• Phonation
• Resonation
• When we speak we place more emphasis on our
  inhalation muscles and speak long on our exhaled
  air.
• Too much pressure or too little pressure can
  cause the voice to sound strained.

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Disorders

• Emphysema Alveoli enlarge and lungs lose their
  elasticity. Difficult to exhale.
• Bronchitis Respiratory passages fill with
  excessive amounts of mucus.
• Lung Cancer Cancer usually caused by smoking.
• Asthma Difficulty breathing usually caused by
  allergies, exercise, or anxiety.