Respiratory System

1
CO2
O2
Respiratory System
O2
CO2
2
Respiration
exchange and transport of gases
carbon dioxide (CO2) leaves cells oxygen (O2)
enters
gas exchange occurs across moist membranes
covered with blood vessels
3
Structure and Function
4
nose (nasal cavity) - warms, filters air as it
enters body using nose hairs and mucus
larynx (voice box) - upper part of trachea
contains vocal cords, 2 bands of tissue
stretched across opening of trachea
trachea -air passageway covered with epiglottis
5
bronchi - tubes that carry air from trachea to
lungs
bronchioles - smaller tubes that branch from
bronchi
lungs - sac-like organs site of gas exchange
between air and blood
6
trachea
bronchi
lungs
bronchioles
diaphragm - dome-shaped muscle that moves up
down in the breathing process
7
bronchioles
alveoli - grape-like clusters surrounded by
network of thin-walled capillaries at the end of
bronchioles
8
Inhalation
diaphragm
chest wall muscles contract, lifting and pulling
ribs outward, diaphragm pulls downward
9
Exhalation
diaphragm
reverses the process
10
Inhalation
Exhalation
diaphragm
chest wall muscles contract, lifting and pulling
ribs outward
reverses the process
11
Gas Exchange
12
tissue
alveoli
capillary
CO2
Gas exchange occurs between the thin walls of the
alveoli and the thin walls of the capillaries.
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
O2
CO2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
CO2
CO2
13
Diseases of the Respiratory System
14
asthma
narrowed airways, caused by allergies which clog
airways with mucus and produce muscle spasms
genetic defect which causes excessive production
of mucus that clogs airways
cystic fibrosis
bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi, bronchioles caused by
long-term exposure to allergens, cigarette smoke,
or other irritants
15
Review
16
Name the structure.
1
nasal cavity
5
lung
larynx
2
6
bronchi
trachea
3
bronchioles
4
7
diaphragm
17
Match the structure with the number.
1.
2.
5.
3.
trachea
larynx
bronchioles
lung
bronchi
diaphragm
nasal cavity
6.
4.
7.
18
Match the function with the number.
1.
dome-shaped muscle that moves up down in the
breathing process
smaller tubes that branch from bronchi
warms, filters air as it enters body
upper part of trachea contains vocal cords
sac-like organs site of gas exchange between
air and blood
tubes that carry air from trachea to lungs
air passageway covered with epiglottis
5.
2.
3.
6.
4.
7.
19
1.
5.
2.
6.
3.
4.
7.
20
tissue
alveoli
capillary
CO2
Gas exchange occurs between the thin walls of the
alveoli and the thin walls of the capillaries.
CO2
CO2
O2
O2
O2
O2
CO2
CO2