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Organisation of port labour
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The evolution of the organisation of port labour
in Italy
1994
Abolition of the labour pool monopoly Exclusion
of the port authority from the management of port
operations Disposal of the assets of the former
port entities Involvement in port operations by
authorised/lessee companies
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The evolution of the organisation of port labour
in Italy
2000
Port operations Port services Determination of
the cycle of port operations Stand-by workforce
(short notice availability)
New responsibilities of the Port Authority
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(No Transcript)
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The evolution of the organisation of port labour
in the Port of Genoa
2003
Two companies have been authorised to provide
port services at peak periods
Self-handling is always permitted
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Direct labour - Port of Genoa (1995-2004)
1995-1999 Estimated, no comparable data
available. The variation between 2001 and 2002
is due to the introduction of new and more
precise measurement systems. Year 2004 Estimate
only. Key Private port companies all
companies authorised as per art. 16 foodstuff
liquid bulk Superba and Carmagnani Service
companies companies which provide shared
general services (excluding Ente Bacini)
Finporto Porto di Genova (till 1994) Maritime
services pilotage, towage, berthing "Independent
companies" ILVA Ship building and repair
including companies located in Sestri
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In accordance with the law, the workforce in the
Port of Barcelona is provided by a pool of
dockers called ESTIBARNA
From 1987 to 1st March 2004, ESTIBARNA was a
public company 51 controlled by the Port
Authority of Barcelona and 49 by the private
port companies. Now it is 100 controlled by the
private operators
The organisation of labour in the Port of
Barcelona
Theoretically ESTIBARNA is used only on a
temporary basis for peak activities, in practice
these dockers work every day for the same private
operator
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ESTIBARNA
All types of handling services for containers and
dry bulk (but not for liquid bulk, the liquid
bulk terminal employs its own dockers)

• Supervisors
• Crane operators
• Controllers
• Other specialised workers
• Non specialised workers

Group ZERO of ESTIBARNA
Container stuffing and stripping activities in
the warehouses in the port area
Same level of salary of other workers in the
Region, which is lower than the salary of the
ESTIBARNA dockers
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859 dockers
ESTIBARNA
172 dockers
Group Zero
Terminal operators
687 workers (whiteblue collars)
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The legal framework was set out in 1972 and
followed by the subsequent bylaws Only those who
are enrolled in the labour pool are entitled to
work within the port The area of the port and the
activities carried out within the port are
clearly defined in law
The organisation of labour in the Port of Antwerp
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• Class A
• Class B

General work pool
The organisation of labour in the Port of
Antwerp up to March 2001

• Class A
• Class B

Warehousemen

• Electricians
• Maintenance staff

Craftsmen
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General work pool
The organisation of labour in the Port of
Antwerp after March 2001 (the situation is in a
state of evolution)
Logistics pool
Craftsmen
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Statistical development of direct labour in the
Port of Antwerp (1995-2004)
Key (1) as from 2001 working labour force
only (2)/(3) as from 2001 working labour force
only - "warehousemen transformed into
"logistics pool" - part of "warehousemen"
transferred to the "General work pool"
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Percentage development in specific categories
(1995-2004)
Key (1) as from 2001 working labour force
only (2)/(3) as from 2001 working labour force
only - "warehousemen" transformed into
"logistics pool" - part of "warehousemen"
transferred to the "General work pool"
15

• Traditional northern European structure port
  companies and labour pool
• The situation is in a state of evolution

The organisation of labour in the Port of
Rotterdam
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Labour organisation in the Port of Rotterdam
SHB
SHB Havenpool
SHB Personeeldiensten
SHB Services

• Traditional labour pool ? workforce which is
  allocated for periods of time to port private
  operators
• For the first time in its history SHB made a
  profit in 2004
• At the moment two different companies (Matrans,
  Humares) are trying to take over the labour pool
• Outcome still uncertain

• Training
• Re-training
• Consulting activity
• Information technology
• Ancillary matters

• Provision of a stand-by labour force at short
  notice
• Personnel selection
• Consulting activity

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Statistics of direct labour in the Port of
Rotterdam (1960-2003)
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Percentage statistics in specific categories
(1960-2003)
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• Traditional northern European structure port
  companies and labour pool
• The situation is in a state of evolution

The organisation of labour in the ports of
Hamburg and Bremen/Bremerhaven
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Labour organisation in the Port of Hamburg
GHB entity managed by an equally weighted council
of workers and management presided over by a
neutral chairman

• The regulation of labour conditions
• The allocation of activities to the labour pool
• The provision of welfare services

Solely for the labour pool

• The drafting of contracts
• The allocation of a labour force to the private
  port operators
• The payment of wages and salaries
• The issuing of work permits
• Welfare administration

GHBG limited liability company
Solely for the labour pool
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Statistics of direct labour in the Port of
Hamburg (1980-2004)
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Percentage statistics in specific categories
(1980-2004)
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Statistics of direct labour in the ports of
Bremen/Bremerhaven (1990-2004)
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Percentage statistics in specific categories
(1990-2004)
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Concluding remarks
Has to be driven by market forces
The Work pool
Must attempt to be financially independent
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Is a must to achieve a low cost operation
especially in the distribution sector
Flexibility
Is now penetrating port activity
External labour force
Notwithstanding the conflicts between the
differing interests involved (workers, employers,
port authority, government, etc.) a final
agreement is generally obtained
Problem resolution