PIA 3090

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PIA 3090

• Comparative Public Administration

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Presentations

• 1. Golden Oldies
• 2. Literary Map
• 3. Grand Synthesis

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The Issues

• Recruitment, Education
• and Training

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Focus Entry into Public Sector

• Patterns of Recruitment- How the Bureaucracy is
  Selected?

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Three Models of Recruitment

• Model of merit system- Career appointments,
  competitive examinations, and an end to patronage
• The recruitment of professionals and specialists
  contradicts with the issue of political control
• Representation- especially majority
  representation relates to political accountability

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Discussion

• What is the best way to recruit?

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Recruitment Problems

• a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit,
  often does not control recruitment
• b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system
  with civil service commission overseeing the
  process
• c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an
  intermediary Blocking Decisions

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Human Resource Development

• 1. The Key to Merit
• 2. Issue the difference between Education and
  Training
• 3. Professional vs. Management

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Debate about the Ideal of Open (not closed)
system-

• Importance of "Professional Class
• Role of Professional Schools in producing that
  class.
• U.S model of open System

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U.S. System

• Early, middle or late entry
• Deep political control and
• The possibility of "in and out"

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• TEN MINUTE BREAK

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European Systems- Inherited by Much of World

• 1. Historically closed
• 2. Class based and
• 3. Limited to early entry

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Differences in Closed Classes

• Differences in Closed Classes-
• administrative
• professional
• Executive
• Technical
• Clerical
• Industrial
• Differing views of technical skills, law and
  classical education

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Armstrong's Classification

• Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French
  revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian
  Democracy- Late Decision)
• Maximum Ascriptive- Western European model
• Progressive Equal Attrition- Fail out over time
  U.S. and Soviet reality and aspects of Post War
  German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on
  lateral entry (in and out)

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Territorial Administration

• Issue use of Prefects for control Geographic
  Administrators- appointed from the Center. Eg.
  Governors in Putins Russia
• Integrated vs. Un-integrated
• Territorial vs. Function

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Top Administrators

• a. U.K.- Oxbridge Generalist
• b. Russia- Engineers
• c. France- Legal/Technical
• d. Germany/Scandinavia- Legalist
• e. U.S.- Products of policy Schools Kennedy,
  Woodrow Wilson, Syracuse

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Unique U.S. contribution- American system
internationalized from the 1950s by Foreign Aid

• Concept of training
• Public Administration- skills
• analogy- business administration and engineering
  as models

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Unique U.S. Contribution, Cont.

• Deep political penetration- note surprise in
  South Africa
• Open system- Concept of representative
  bureaucracy

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Question

• What form of bureaucratic recruitment is used in
  each of your countries?

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Comprehensive Question of the Day

• Armstrong's argument that education and training
  are critical variables in understanding
  "development" strategies in Western Europe and
  Soviet Union. Discuss. Apply them to at least
  one other region of the world.

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Second Question

• It has been said that in terms of public sector
  reform, education and recruitment issues are the
  "only game in town." Defend or critique. How
  does recruitment relate to representation vs.
  merit issues?