NOMENCLATURE

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NOMENCLATURE

• Chapter 7 Chemical Names and Formulas

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I. Naming and Writing Chemical Formulas for
Ionic Compounds.

• Review
• Oxidation Number Pattern 1,2,3,--4,-3,-2,-1,0

Significance of Chemical Formulas C8 H18
Symbol indicates type of atoms
Subscript indicates numbers of atoms
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Cation
Anion
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Binary Ionic Compounds
Binary Ionic Compounds are composed of two
elements - one metal (cation) one nonmetal
(anion)

• Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
• Name the positive and negative Monatomic ions
• Monatomic ion single atom with a charge.
• Use the name of the positive monatomic ion.
• Change the ending of the negative monatomic ion
  to
• ide.
• Ex. NaCl.sodium chloride
• Ex. MgOmagnesium oxide

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• Monotomic Anions changed to ide
• F-1 .fluoride
• Cl-1
• Br-1
• I-1
• O-2
• S-2
• N-3
• H-1
• P-3

Practice Page 251 5, 7
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Binary Ionic Compounds.

• Writing Binary Ionic Formulas
• Write the cation first and the anion last
• Assign charges
• Assign subscripts
• Crisscross, if needed. Drop and signs.
• Reduce if possible.
• Ex. Na1 Cl-1 ? NaCl
• Ex. Mg2 F-1 ? MgF2
• Ex. Al3 O-2 ? Al2O3
• Practice Page 251 6

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Ionic Compounds involving Transition Metals

• Stock System Use a roman numeral to represent
  the charge of the cation from the transition
  group
• Names of metals that commonly form only one
  cation do not use a Roman numeral.
• Ex Ag 1, Zn 2, Cd2 These do not need
  Roman numeral.
• Allows to separate 2 different ions of the same
  element
• Ex. Copper (II) Chloride CuCl2
• EX. Iron (II) Oxide FeO
• Ex. Iron (III) Oxide Fe2O3

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ALFRED STOCK
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Explanation of Mercury (I) and Mercury (II) ions

• Mercury (I) is a metallic diatomic
• Hg Hg Hg2 Each atom has a charge of 1.
• Mercy (II)
• Hg 2
• What does a Roman numeral indicate?
• The charge on a single atom.
• Practice Page 251 6

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• Polyatomic Ions covalently bonded atoms with an
  overall charge
• All are anions, except ammonium (NH4)
• Most are oxy-anions (contain O)
• ex. NO3-1nitrate NO2-1nitrite
• ex. SO4-2sulfate SO3-2 ...sulfite

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List in TEXT 226

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Chemical Formulas containing Polyatomic Ions.

• Practice page 251 18,17
• Show tricks for naming ites and ates based on
  placement on the periodic table.

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Compounds containing Polyatomic Ions.

• Writing Formulas
• Calcium phosphate
• Lithium hydroxide
• Ammonium hydroxide
• Ammonium sulfate
• Ammonium chloride
• Practice - Worksheet A

• Naming
• NH4OH Ammonium hydroxide
• (NH4 )2S Ammonium sulfide
• Practice Page 253 41

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II. Acids

• Acids are ionic salts (in solution) that have H
  as the cation
• Acids are covalently bonded
• How are acids recognized?
• Acids will begin with H.
• Two basic categories exist
• 1. Binary Acids
• 2. Oxy-acids

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• Binary Acids 2 elements (1 is H)
• Binary Prefix hydro
• Binary Suffix ic
• hydro-stem-ic
• ex. HCl HF HI HBr
• HCl salt is called hydrogen chloride
• acid is called
• hydrochloric acid

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• Oxyacids or Ternary Acids
• 3 elements (H,O, and a 3rd)
• Hydrogen and an oxy-polyatomic ion
• Prefixe - stem - Suffix - Acid
  Suffix
• Per- stem - ate
  -ic
• stem - ate
  -ic
• stem - ite
  -ous
• Hypo - stem - ite
  -ous
• ClO4 Perchloric acid
• ClO3 Chloric acid
• ClO2 chlorous acid
• ClO hypo chlorous acid

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• Examples
• H2SO4 . Sulfuric Acid
• H2SO3 .Sulfurous Acid
• H3PO4 .Phosphoric Acid
• H3PO3 .Phosphorous Acid
• H2CO3 .Carbonic Acid
• Practice Worksheet C

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III. Binary Molecular Compounds

• Involves nonmetals only.
• Describes Molecules
• Many combinations are possible.
• Ex. CO CO2 CH4 C3H8 P2O3

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• Learn Latin prefixes for each Page 228
• no mono for single atoms
• 1mono 6hexa
• 2di 7hepta
• 3tri 8octa
• 4tetra 9nona
• 5penta 10deca

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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds.

• Name the least electronegative element first.
• The electronegative trend increases up and to the
  right on the periodic table.

Examples H2Odihydrogen monoxide
CO2carbon dioxide COcarbon monoxide
NH3nitrogen trihydride
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Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds.

• Write the correct element symbol.
• Write the subscript based on the Latin Prefix.
• Example
• N2O5 di nitrogen pentoxide
• Note The a is dropped on the penta.
• Practice page 251 11
• Worksheets D and C

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Study Guide- Refer to Modern Text.

• Page 251/252 s 1,2,4,10,12,14,15,20,21,22,23,
  24,25,44,46
• Page 235 1,2
• Extra Practice Page 231 (1? 4)