Einsteinium

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Einsteinium

• Sandra Lamey

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Albert Einstein
http//www.physics.uiowa.edu/adventure/fall_2005/o
ct_15-05.html
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History

• Discovered in December of 1952 by Albert Ghiorso
  and co-workers at the University of California,
  Berkeley
• It was found in the radioactive debris produced
  from the first thermonuclear explosion
• The isotope that they discovered was
  einsteinium-253 and it has a half-life of 20 days
• Produced by combining 15 neutrons with
  uranium-238, which then underwent seven beta
  decays

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History
The First Hydrogen Bomb Being Tested at Eniwetok
Atoll in the Pacific, 1952
http//acs.lbl.gov/ImgLib/COLLECTIONS/BERKELEY-LAB
/index/97401415.html
http//www.medaloffreedom.com/EdwardTellerPassesAw
ay.htm
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Isotopes and Half-lives

• 14 isotopes of einsteinium have been recognized
• Most stable isotope is einsteinium-252
• Longest half life is einsteinium-254 with a
  half-life of 275 days

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Chemical Properties

• Atomic number 99
• Atomic symbol Es
• Atomic weight (252) or (254)
• Melting point 1133 K or 860 º C or 1580 ºF
• Boiling point unknown
• Phase at room temperature Solid
• Element Classification Metal
• Radioactive Artificially Produced
• Since only small amounts of einsteinium have ever
  been produced, it currently has no uses outside
  of basic scientific research.

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Einsteinium

• Today, einsteinium is produced though a lengthy
  chain of nuclear reactions that involves
  bombarding each isotope in the chain with
  neutrons and then allowing the resulting isotope
  to undergo beta decay.
• Einsteinium has been produced at the Oak Ridge
  National Laboratory. Around 3 mg was created over
  a four year program of irradiation and then
  chemical separation from a starting 1 kg of
  plutonium isotope.

http//www.theodoregray.com/periodictable/Elements
/099/index.html
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Sources

• Los Alamos National Laboratory
• http//periodic.lanl.gov/elements/99.html
• The Jefferson Lab
• http//education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele099.html
  
• Lenntech
• http//www.lenntech.com/Periodic-chart-elements/es
  -en.htm

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