Bild 1

1

Global Trends in Higher Education Adult and
Distance Learning
 
2009 International Forum on Open and Distance
Education
International Council for Open and Distance
Education (ICDE)
Dr Carl Holmberg Secretary General www.icde.org
holmberg_at_icde.org
2

• International Council for Open and Distance
  Education (ICDE )
• Established in 1938, 71 years long history in the
  field of distance education
• In formal consultative status with UNESCO
• Cooperates with
• Southeast Asian Ministers of Education
  Organization (SEAMEO)
• Organization of American States (OAS)
• Regional and national associations (ABED, AAOU,
  EADTU, .. )

3

• International Council for Open and Distance
  Education (ICDE ))
• Global
• ICDE is the only global organisation in the
  field of open and distance education.
• ? Membership organisation
• for educational institutions that deliver
  distance education, web-based teaching and
  flexible learning.
• members are mostly Higher Education institutions
  and government agencies

4

• International Council for Open and Distance
  Education (ICDE)
• ? Member supported organisation
• members pay fees to ICDE
• member institutions furnish ICDE business bodies
  with high level personnel at their own cost
• projects and taskforces in cooperation with
  members
• ? Supported by our host country
• Norwegian Government contributes to the funding

5
(No Transcript)
6
Overview of ICDEs business bodies Board of
Trustees David Sewart (Chair), UK Svein Haaland
(Vice Chair), Norway Ezra Maritim, Kenya Atwi
Suparman, Indonesia Ingeborg Boe,
Norway Executive Committee Frits Pannekoek
President, Canada Tian Belawati, Indonesia
Denise Kirkpatrick, UK Fredric Litto,
Brazil Marta Mena, Argentina Barney Pityana
Nyaeko, South Africa Election Committee Ingeborg
Bø, Norway Gary Miller, USA Vacancy    
7

• EVENTS
•  ICDE contributes to capacity building and
  professional development in its membership
  through sub-regional, regional and global
  conferences, meetings, projects, networking and
  information dissemination to its members. 
• Each year
• ICDE Standing Conference of Presidents Oct. 2008
  hosted by Shanghai TV University, China
• ICDE Standing Conference of Presidents Nov. 2009
  hosted by Universitas Oberta Catalonya, Spanien
• Supporting International Conferences among
  members
• Biannually
• World conference on Open and Distance Education

8
24th World Conference 2 5 Oct 2011 Nusa Dua
Bali, Indonesia Hosted by Universitas Terbuka
9

• Key objectives for ICDE 2009-2012
• To be the global arena for the discussion of
  distance education policies
• To promote quality in distance, flexible and
  ICT-based education
• To contribute to the development of new
  methodologies and technologies
• To foster co-operation between members

10

• Environmental Scan - Purpose
• examine the key global trends in higher
  education, adult and distance learning
• identify issues confronting open and distance
  learning in particular
• provide ICDE with a framework within which its
  strategic plan could be developed.

11
Identified key trends

• Increasing Globalization and Internationalization
  
• Economic Drivers and Motivations for
  Internationalization
• Worldwide Growth and Increasing Demand for
  Access
• Growth and Impact of Open and Distance
  Universities
• Diversification of Distance Education Providers
• Changing Learner Demographics, and Demands
• Increasing Focus on Accountability, Quality,
  Performance
• Increasing ICT Access
• Changes in Cost, Affordability, and Economic
  Models

12
(No Transcript)
13
New Learning Culture
14
Increasing Globalization and Internationalizatio
n

• Exposure of traditional learners
• to international experiences
• Economic, technological, political, societal
  forces
• opening access to 21st century Higher Education
  
• Almost 1/5 of Australian Students are
  international students
• Regulatory framework of DE
• Brain drain
• Cross-border activities supports development

15
Economic Drivers and Motivations for
Internationalization

• HE policy increasingly ranked high on national
  agendas
• HE accepted as major driver for economic
  competitiveness
• Key decision makers see
• HE a tradable commodity and a social service
• Opportunity for branding a nations knowledge
  prowess
• How to ensure mass access to quality HE?

16
Worldwide Growth and Increasing Demand for
Access

• United Nations
• everyone has the right to education
• HE shall be equally accessible to all on the
  basis of merit
• 120 million students projected for 2020
• 68 million students 1991
• 132 million students 2004 (annual growth from
  1991 5.4)
• China and India have doubled their enrolments
  last ten years
• 24 of students in India enrolled in DE
  institutions

17
Growth and Impact of Open and Distance
Universities Open Learning the removal of
restrictions, exclusions and privileges the
accreditation of students' previous
experience flexibility in managing the time
variable substantial changes in the
relationships between professors and
students Ross Paul 1990
18
Growth and Impact of Open and Distance
Universities

• Evolution of OU around the world characterized by
  
• educational opportunities to many
• movement from elitist to mass higher education
• formalizing independent and lifelong learning
  opportunities for adults
• promoting the use of ICT in distance and
  conventional higher education
• cost effectiveness through large scale
  operations (mega universities)
• promoting internationalization through
  cross-border delivery of
• courses and programs

19
Growth and Impact of Open and Distance
Universities

• Goals differ from campus universities Open
  universities
• endeavour to
• produce more graduates at a lower per student
  cost
• provide for greater equality of educational
  opportunity
• provide access to adult students
• provide professional qualifications
• assist in the development and democratization
• of their respective countries

20
116717-CP-1-2004-1-SE-GRUNDTVIG-G1, OSMOSYS
OSMOSYS Organising SMOs employees approaches
to lifelong learning at SYStem level QUALITY
ASSURANCE NETWORK FOR ADULT LEARNING
CENTRES QUALC PROJECT -134388-LLP-1-2007-1-SE-GR
UNDTVIG-GMP
21
(No Transcript)
22
Diversification of Distance and Higher
Education Providers
Convergence between the DE format and
on-campus format Adopting ICT means adopting
methodology from DE More of blended learning On
campus universities delivering online learning
programs Private provision of HE is growing world
wide Support structures embedding e-Learning
23
Three arenas for learning FORMAL, NON-FORMAL,
INFORMAL
Formal arena
Informal arena
Non-formal arena
ILS Individual Learning Space
24

• Formal learning The concept involve the
  traditional learning that occurs in for instance
  municipal adult education, where there are
  centralized syllabi and where the student
  receives a formal grade after the studies.
• Non formal learningThe concept involve the
  learning taking place at for instance folk high
  schools and adult education associations.
  Learning that normally have no centralized
  syllabi and that wont result in any formal grades
  after the studies.
• Informal learningThe concept involve the
  learning that occurs through experience and
  interaction with other individuals, taking place
  outside the formal and non formal learning
  structures. Examples of this can be at the work
  places, in the homes etcetera.

25
SELF DIRECTED LEARNERS
Formal arena
Informal arena
Non-formal arena
ILS Individual Learning Space
26
Supporting all forms of learning!
Learning Centre
Formal arena
Informal arena
Non-formal arena
27
Adult learning centres- could be seen as
substructures to education institutions- they
can be results of local initiatives- main task
to be a physical or virtual supporting
environments for adult learners - moreover they
can act as local/regional nodes for needs
analysis and recruitment of students
28
Learning Centre
Formal arena
Informal arena
Non-formal arena
Value all learning Links to providers,
stakeholders Guide, support, tutor
29
Adult Learning Centres embed learning
Individual studyplans
Validation
Guidance
Teachers
Tutoring
Technology support

Active Leadership
Work mates
Study guides
Stimulating learning environments
Study mates
30
Changing Learner Demographics, Experience, and
Demands
Increasing participation of Women
(60 of student population in Northern Europe)
Students with heterogeneous socio-economic
background Digital generation/Netgeneration half
of the worlds population (6.5 billion) under
20
31
Hälsingland Surface 14 264 km² People 0,134
million 9,4 inhabitants/km² Belgium Surface 32
545 km² People 10,5 million 315
inhabitants/km²
http//www.halsingeutbildning.cfl.soderhamn.se/kar
tor.htm
32

• Results in Hälsingland
• New student groups
• Students climb the ed ladder
• Young people stay in the region
• Increased engagement in society
  (hypothesis)
• ...

33

• Results in Hälsingland
• Increased cooperation between societal sectors
• Business and industry get access to educated
  labour
• ...

34
ALC embedding learning/elearning
Academic support
Social organisation support
Individual studyplans
Validation
Guidance
Teachers
Tutoring
Technology support

Active Leadership
Work mates
Study guides
Stimulating learning environments
Study mates
Emotional support
35
Increasing Focus on Accountability, Quality, and
Performance
Quality assurance and accountability
systems Need for international review systems of
DE DE practice is contextual but key performance
indicators should be established
36
Increasing ICT Access
Internet expanding dramatically but for
large parts of the world radio and television
still the best option 2006 90 of Africans
lacked access to a phone, 98,5 without
Internet access Pocket university - Mobile
learning - phones
37
(No Transcript)
38

International Council for Open and Distance
Education (ICDE)
 
Thank you
Dr Carl Holmberg Secretary General www.icde.org
holmberg_at_icde.org