EXERCISE 5

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EXERCISE 5 ROOTS
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Introductory Notes

• The first root to emerge from the seed is the
  primary root.

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Introductory Notes

• A.This may persist and grow into a tap root or

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Introductory Notes

• B. It may remain small or disappear making
  fibrous roots

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Page 44 Introduction

• Highlight or underline The root functions
  primarily in absorption of water and soil
  nutrients, conduction of these substances,
  anchorage of the plant and serving as food
  storage organs.

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External Morphology Root systems

• Goals
• Highlight only the first four goals.

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Taproot System
Fig. 5.1
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Fibrous Root System
Fig. 5.2
Answer Questions 1a and b.
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Highlight or Underline

• Roots which develop from stems or leaves, are
  called adventitious roots.

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Adventitious Roots
Fig. 5.3
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The Root Tip

• Highlight or underline
• 1. The root cap protects the apical meristem from
  injury as the root grows through the soil.
• 2.The meristematic region is the region of active
  cell division.

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3. The Region of elongation the cells enlarge
this activity increases the length of the root 4.
The region of maturation is where cells begin to
differentiate.
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Figure 5.4
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• Highlight Notice the huge increase in surface
  area these afford the root

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Draw and label
Figure 5.5
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Internal Structure of Roots

• Herbaceous Dicot Root
• Answer to question 3 Primary tissues are formed
  by the apical meristem.

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1. Underline or highlight the epidermis is a
single layer of cells surrounding the entire root.
Question 4. Hint they are all the same kind of
cells
Question 5. Parenchyma
Do not answer questions 6 or 7
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Epidermis
Cortex
Vascular Cylinder
Figure 5.6
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Answer Question 8
Underline or highlight the endodermis is the
innermost layer of the cortex.
Underline or highlight endodermal cells are
impregnated with a waxy material. This band, the
casparian strip, restricts the movement into the
stele.
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Highlight or underline Between the xylem and
phloem is where the vascular cambium will develop
in plants with secondary tissues
Underline or highlight the xylem occupies the
center of the stele and makes a cross shape
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Answer Question 9.
Underline or highlight phloem appears as small
clusters between the arms of xylem
Underline or highlight the Pericycle gives rise
to lateral roots.
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Vascular Cylinder 5.7
Endodermis
Transfer cell
Pericycle
Xylem
Phloem
Cortex
Starch grains
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Epidermis
Figure 5.8
Pericycle
Phloem
Pith
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Epidermis
Figure 5.8
Cortex
Endodermis
Xylem
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Monocot Root

• Answer questions 10, 11, 12 and 13

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Woody Dicot Root

• Clue for Question 14what tissue is in the center
  of both roots? Use color plates

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Cork
Bark
Secondary Phloem
Vascular Cambium
Wood Ray
Secondary Xylem
Annual Rings
Primary Xylem
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Lateral Root Origin

• Answer question 17 before answering 16.

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Label fig. 5.10
Cortex
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Answer Summary Questions 1-6 Only
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Dicot
Monocot