Diapositiva 1

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Origins
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The first interpretation has this celebration
originating as a pagan tradition in the third
century. During this time hordes of hungry wolves
roamed outside of Rome where shepherds kept their
flocks. The God Lupercus, was said to watch over
the shepherds and their flocks and keep them from
the wolves
Pagan tradition
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Christian tradition
As Christianity became prevalent, priests
attempted to replace old heathen practices. To
Christianize the ancient pagan celebration of the
Feast of Lubercus, the church officials changed
the name to St. Valentine's Day. To give the
celebration further meaning and eliminate pagan
traditions, priests substituted the drawing of
Saints names for the names of the girls. On St.
Valentine's Day the priest placed saint's names
into an urn or box. The young people then drew a
name from the container. In the following year,
the youth was supposed to emulate the life of the
saint whose name he had drawn.
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TRADITIONS
-SCOTLAND -AMERICA -BRITAIN
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The good life is guided by love and inspired by
knowledge
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ST. VALENTINE IN SCOTLAND
In Scotland Valentines Day is celebrated by
having a festival. At the festival there is an
equal amount of young unmarried (single) men and
young unmarried (single) ladies who get together,
each of them writes on a piece of paper their
name or a made up name, this is then rolled up.
The names are placed in two hats one for the men
one for the ladies, they then have to draw a
piece of paper out of the hat. Both may end up
with two valentines but the young man is suppose
to stick with the valentine who has chosen him.
This having been done the company has been split
up into so many couples, gifts are given to the
young ladies and the young ladies would wear the
name of their valentine over their heart or on
their sleeve. There might also be a dance and at
the end of the festival there might even be a lot
of marriages or romances.
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ST. VALENTINE' S 'DAY' I N AMERICA
yesterday and today
In America there have been many different forms
of cards given on Valentine's Day over the years.
Many of these may not have been nice as there
were cards that were often rude and almost cruel
in their humour, but, there were many that were
intricate and with a lot of thought that went
into them. There were cards in the times of the
civil war that were flagged with rich colour,
patriotic and political motifs. There were ones
that showed lovers, their heroes and generals,
skits and comical. There were many Valentines
that were especially lithographed and
hand-colored, beautiful in there design and that
had a distinction of there own. Many cards were
imported from overseas due to the paper being of
poor quality and not suitable for embossing.
There were many cards that were produced with
intricate lace paper, decorated with ornaments
such as beads, sea shells, cones, berries, and
all different kinds of seeds. Some may even have
seaweed or moss with dried flowers or artificial
flowers which was all attached to a string so as
it could be hung creating a three dimensional
picture
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ST' VALENTINE' S DAY' IN BRITAIN
In Britain can be found so many verses of love
and affairs of the heart that have been so
beautifully penned in honour of St Valentine. In
Britain various parts of the kingdom celebrate
their own customs. As the day approached all
magazines are ready for the day and they publish
sonnets and verses to commemorate St Valentine's
Day.
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Symbols
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V
Hearts
Red heart pierced by the Cupid's arrow is a
traditional symbol of Valentine's Day. Heart
symbolizes love and giving someone a heart means
to hand over one's existence to someone. A heart
pierced by a Cupid's arrow means that when
someone presents a heart, the person takes the
risk of being rejected and feeling hurt. Piercing
arrow therefore symbolizes death and
vulnerability of love. Some people also believe
that the heart and arrow symbolizes the uniting
of male and a female.Today, one finds great use
of red heart symbol especially heart shaped red
balloons in Valentine's Day decoration. Stuffed
red heart decorated with a lace is a popular
Valentine's Day Gift.
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DIFFERENT STYLES
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Valentine greetings have been popular since the
Middle Ages, a time when prospective lovers said
or sang their romantic verses. Paper valentines
originated in the 1500s, being exchanged in
Europe and being given in place of valentine
gifts and oral or musical valentine greetings.
They were particularly popular in England. One
popular "writer" contained not only "be my
valentine" or types of verses for the men to send
to their sweethearts, but also acceptances or
"answers" which the ladies could then return.
Late Eighteenth Century and early Nineteenth
Century valentines were often religious in nature
and it is possible that the "Sacred Heart" often
depicted on these cards eventually became the
"Valentine Heart" with the customarily
accompanying Angel eventually becoming "Cupid.
Some of these cards contained tiny mirrors with
the message "Look at my Beloved," while others
were called "Cobweb Valentines" because the
center could be lifted by a tassel to reveal a
cobweb effect of paper and underneath, a picture
of a couple or a romantic message. The "Busk
Valentine" was worn by the sailor's sweetheart
inside her corset. It was not unusual for a
manufactured valentine of this era to cost as
much as a month's earnings, particularly the
"proposal valentines" which were very popular and
might contain the depiction of a church or a
ring. In keeping with Victorian etiquette, it was
considered improper for a lady to send a
valentine greeting to a man.
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Cobweb Valentine
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There were many different styles of early
Victorian valentines, including
Acrostic -- valentines containing verses in which
the first lines spelled-out the loved one's name.
Cutout valentines --made by folding the paper
several times and then cutting-out a lace-like
design with small sharp-pointed scissors.
Fraktur -- valentines with ornamental lettering
in the style of illuminated manuscripts from the
Middle Ages.
Pinprick -- valentines made by pricking tiny
holes in paper with a pin or needle and thus
creating the appearance of lace.
Theorem or Poonah -- valentines with designs
which were painted through a stencil cut in oil
paper. This particular style originated in the
Orient.
Puzzik or Puzzle Purse -- quaint valentines,
customarily homemade, which contained a folded
puzzle to be read, solved and then refolded. Not
only was it necessary to decipher the message, it
was also necessary to refold the paper correctly
once it was opened. This valentine contained many
folds of verses that had to be read in a certain
sequence. The order of the verses was usually
numbered and the recipient would have to twist
the folds in order to determine what had been
written.
Rebus -- valentines which contained romantic
verses written in ink with certain words omitted
and illustrated by tiny pictures instead. Meant
to be a riddle, these valentines were not always
necessarily easy to decipher. The rebus valentine
had many forms, but the one mentioned herein was
the most common and the most popular.
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How to write a Valentine's Day card
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• It has been said that Valentines contain words
  that are the most often kept and the most often
  burnt.A Valentine is an expression of feelings
  for another person which contains your most inner
  feelings. It may be a forum to move your love for
  that special person to the next level of
  intimacy.When you decide the time is right to
  express your feelings for that special woman or
  man, there are several creative ideas you may
  want to incorporate into your letter for added
  impact.The letter you write should come from the
  heart. Do not worry if you are not a professional
  writer, what is important in the letter is that
  you are sincere, honest, and caring. Some basic
  rules should be followed in writing the
  Valentine.

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• Consider hand writing the letter in your own
  handwriting.Spelling accuracy is an absolute
  must when writing a Valentine. Misspelled words
  are symbols of carelessness, which can distract
  from your message. Consider the message you may
  be sending to your loved one. Avoid large
  complicated words when a simple one will do.The
  opening and closing of the Valentine are very
  important as they set the tone for the entire
  card.Determine the stage of your love. For
  example, you would not want to start with "My
  Darling Love, Traci" if you have only dated her
  for two weeks. A more appropriate opening may be
  "To Traci, with warmest affection."The opposite
  rule would apply if your love has moved into a
  more intimate area. You would not want to write a
  lesser opening and risk sending the wrong signal
  to your lover that may suggest you are only
  friends.

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• When closing the Valentine, it should add impact
  that sums up your feelings in a few words.For
  example, Yours unconditionally, ... Your beloved
  Husband, ... My love, ... With heartfelt love,
  ... I long for your touch, love, ...Closings of
  lesser impact may include, With warmest regards,
  ... With affection, ... With fondest memories,
  ... Until our next meeting, ... Yours truly,
  ...Above all, have fun with writing to the
  person of your dreams. Think of the smile it
  would bring to your loved one to find a special
  Valentine from you under her/his pillow.They are
  cherished by the recipient and often kept for a
  lifetime.

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• Quotations

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• Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs. 

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• Love is a symbol of eternity.  It wipes out all
  sense of time, destroying all memory of a
  beginning and all fear of an end.

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• "Love is, above all, the gift of oneself."

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• "Men and women, women and men. It will never
  work.."

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"Love is an irresistible desire to be
irresistibly desired
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• Love poems

True love is a durable fire, In the mind ever
burning, Never sick, never dead, never cold,
From itself never turning.
Anonymous poem of the 16th. Cent.
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If I should think of love I'd think of you, your
arms uplifted, Tying your hair in plaits above,
The lyre shape of your arms and shoulders, The
soft curve of your winding head. No melody is
sweeter, nor could Orpheus So have bewitched. I
think of this, And all my universe becomes
perfection. But were you in my arms, dear love,
The happiness would take my breath away, No
thought could match that ecstasy, No song
encompass it, no other worlds. If I should think
of love, I'd think of you. William
Shakespeare
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In Praise of Beauty Of all my loves this
is the first and last That in the autumn of my
years has grown, A secret fern, a violet in the
grass, A final leaf where all the rest are gone.
Would that I could give all and more, my life,
My world, my thoughts, my arms, my breath, my
future, My love eternal, endless, infinite, yet
brief, As all loves are and hopes, though they
endure. You are my sun and stars, my night, my
day, My seasons, summer, winter, my sweet
spring, My autumn song, the church in which I
pray, My land and ocean, all that the earth can
bring Of glory and of sustenance, all that
might be divine, My alpha and my omega, and
all that was ever mine.
William Shakespeare
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SOLITUDE OF THE MOON   We rehearse our
dreams before we dream them and it has the
mystifying smell of strange flowers.   We are
the oceans we are the shores we
allow desires, they rise and fall dreams outlive
dreams as we solicit the solitude of the moon.
Lekshmy Sujathan
Kerala, India  
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CII   My love is strengthened, though more weak
in seeming I love not less, though less the show
appear That love is merchandized, whose rich
esteeming, The owner's tongue doth publish every
where. Our love was new, and then but in the
spring, When I was wont to greet it with my
lays As Philomel in summer's front doth
sing, And stops his pipe in growth of riper
days Not that the summer is less pleasant
now Than when her mournful hymns did hush the
night, But that wild music burthens every
bough, And sweets grown common lose their dear
delight. Therefore like her, I sometime hold my
tongue Because I would not dull you with my
song.  
William Shakespeare      

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  Western wind, when wilt thou blow That the
small rain down can rain? Christ, that my love
were in my arms And I in my bed again.
Anonymous 16th. Cent.
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Recipes
RECIPES
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Bittersweet Chocolate Truffles 1/3 cup heavy
cream 4 ounces bittersweet chocolate, finely
chopped1/2 cup cocoa powder Heat the cream
almost to a boil. Put the chopped chocolate in a
medium bowl, pour the hot cream over it, and
whisk gently Heat the cream almost to a boil. Put
the chopped chocolate in a medium bowl, pour the
hot cream until the chocolate is completely
melted and the mixture is smooth. (Hint up until
this point, this is just a simple ganache). Allow
to cool and harden. When ganache is solid enough
to manipulate, scoop into 1" balls and roll in
cocoa. Yield Makes about 24 truffles 2/3 cup of
ganache.
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Double Chocolate Kisses   Makes about 541 cup
softened margarine1 teaspoon vanilla2/3 cup
sugar1 2/3 cup flour1/4 cup cocoa1 bag (9 oz)
Hershey's chocolate kisses Beat margarine, sugar
and vanilla until creamy. In separate bowl, stir
together flour and cocoa, blend into other
mixture, mixing well. Refrigerate about 1 hour or
until dough is easy to handle. Preheat oven to
350 F. Mold scant tablespoon dough around each
kiss, covering completely. Shape into balls, bake
on cookie sheet 10 or 12 minutes or until set.
Cool, then roll in powdered sugar .
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• Hearts
• 2 1/2 cups of water or fruit juice4 packets of
  strawberry, raspberry or cherry gelatin
• 1. Combine water and gelatin in 2-quart glass
  measure and heat on high power in the microwave
  for 3 to 5 minutes or boil in a saucepan until
  the water is boiling.
• 2. Stir until gelatin is dissolved. Pour into
  heart shaped molds, or pour in a square pan and
  refrigerate until gelatin is set. 3. Unmold heart
  shapes or use a small heart shaped cookie cutter
  to cut out hearts.

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Valentine's Pie Ingredients1 package cream
cheese 1 cup caster sugar1 teaspoon vanilla
essence 1 container thawed whipped topping1
prepared graham cracker crust 1 can cherry pie
filling MethodBeat the cream cheese and the
sugar in a mixture until mixed.Add vanilla
essence and mix for 2-3 minutes.Gently, fold the
mixture in whipped topping.Transfer mixture into
the pie crust and top it with the cherries.
Refrigerate and serve it after one hour.
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The end
by I E 14th February 2008