Lecture: Landmines

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Lecture Landmines
1. Background 2. Military Utility of Landmines 3.
Arms Control 5. The Conference on Disarmament 6.
The Ottawa Process 7. The Future of Arms Control
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Anti-Personnel Land Mines
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Background
1. History of Landmines 2. Types of Landmines 3.
Production of Anti-Personnel Landmines 4. Major
Users of Anti-Personnel Landmines 5. Consequences
of Anti-Personnel Landmines
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Military Utility of Anti-Personnel Landmines
1. Shape the battlefield by channeling opponent
2. Stop infiltration of borders and
facilities 3. Slow movement of opponent to make
vulnerable 4. Deter attack by raising costs 5.
Protect your retreating forces
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Arms Control

• Type of Arms Control
• Unilateral
• Bilateral
• Multilateral
• 2. Arms Control Weapons of Mass Destruction
• 3. Arms Control Conventional Weapons
• 4. Traditional versus Revolutionary Approaches

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Reasons for Opposition
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Traditional Conference on Disarmament

• Conference on Disarmament (CD) in Vienna
• All Major Powers Represented
• All Decisions by Consensus Veto Power
• Extremely Slow
• Common Denominator

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Revolutionary The Ottawa Process

• Unique Features of the Ottawa Process
• a. Inspired by NGOs Rather Than States
• b. Leadership by Small States
• c. Fast-Track and Majority Rule
• d. NGOs at the Table ICBL and ICRC
• 2. Timeline

December 1997 Ottawa
September 1997 Oslo
June 1997 Brussels
May 1996 CD Vienna
October 1996 Ottawa
October 1992 ICBL Formed
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American Demands

• Exception for Korea Peninsula
• Ten-Year Phase in Period
• Quick Withdrawal Even During War
• Re-categorization of Gator System
• Only Dumb Munitions

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The Future of Arms Control

• The Future of Landmines
• Application of the Ottawa Process
• Small Arms
• Biological Weapons
• Human Security versus State Security