Slajd 1

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Prof. Dubinski Józef Central Mining
Institute Katowice, POLAND
E N E R G Y
Green energy from coal as important element of
long term energy security of supply for Europe
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ASSUMPTIONS

• Climate change is a serious threat that will
  have significant impact worldwide, including
  Europe.
• Emission of carbon dioxide CO2 of EU countries
• is annually about 4 000 Mt and one
  half is
• connected with power generation.
• Therefore emission, especially those of
• greenhouse gases, must to be reduced.
• Assuming energy dependency on fossil fuels,
• the development and deployment of clean
  fossil
• fuel technologies will be a critical
  issue in the
• transition to a sustainable energy future.

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Coal reserves showing regional shares (at end of
2003)
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Global structure of the reserves of basic fossil
carriers of primary energy, in re-count on
toe
Oil 15,2
Gas 14,8
Hard coal lignite 70
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Reserves sufficiency of basic fossil carriers of
energy
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COAL FACTS

• Coal is mined commercially in over 50
  countries and is used in over 70.
• Coal plays a vital role in power generation
  currently fuels 39 of the worlds electricity
  and this proportion is expected to remain at
  similar levels over the next 30 years.
• The world currently consumes over 4 050 Mt of
  coal.
• Much of global coal production is used in the
  country in
• which it was produced, only around 18
  of hard
• coal production is destined for the
  international coal
• market.
• Global coal production is expected to
  reach 7 000 Mt
• in 2030. Steam coal production is projected to
  have
• reached around 5 200 Mt coking coal 624 Mt
  and
• brown coal 1 200 Mt .

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Production and consumption of coal in the EU
countries, 2003
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Production and consumption of coal in the EU
countries, 2003
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• EU countries are serious consumer of coal
• Hard coal 351,45 Mt
• Lignite 407,93 Mt
• ----------------
• Total 759,38 Mt
• Import of hard coal 165 Mt

Import dependency for energy sources (gas, oil,
coal) of EU countries is about 50 now and is
expected to increase up to 70 in 2030
Source IEA, 2004
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Coal resources in EU countries
Source EU Energy and Transport in Figures,
Eirostat, 2003
Source IEA, 2004
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Positive attributes of coal

• Coal reserves are very large and will be
  available for the foreseeable future without
  raising geopolitical or safety issues.
• Coal is readily available from a wide variety of
  sources in a well-supplied world market.
• Coal can be easily stored at power stations and
  stocks can be drawn on in emergencies.
• Coal based power is not dependent on the
  weather and can be used as a backup for wind and
  hydropower.
• Coal does not need high pressure pipelines or
  dedicated supply routes.
• Coal supply routes do not need to be
  protected at enormous expense.

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Negative attributes of coal

• Coal mining can a significant impact on the
  environment
• (land disturbances, subsidence, water
  pollution, dust and noise
• pollution, ect.).
• Coal combustion releases emission of such
  pollutants as
• - oxides of sulphur and nitrogen (SOX and
  NOX),
• - trace elements, such as mercury.
• Impact of coal using on the global warming
  effect
• - methane CH4 from coal mines
• (Methane is a potent greenhouse gas
  it is estimated to
• account for 18 of the overall global
  warming effect arising
• from human activities)
• - carbon dioxide CO2 emissions from coal
  combustion when coal
• is used in electricity generation or
  industrial processes
• (CO2 contribution in the overall global
  warming effect arising
• from human activities is estimated to
  contribute 50).

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Major sources of methane emissions
Source IEA, 2004
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Major sources of CO2 emissions
Transport (cars) Agriculture Sources
Hydrocarbons combustion Water
evaporation 81
Sources Coal combustion 19
Source IEA, 2004
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CO2 emission from fossil fuels
Source IEA, 2004
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Structure of gas emission during coal combustion
Carbon dioxide CO2 55 Methane CH4
15 Nitrogen oxides NOX 6 Others
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Green coal means that majority or whole carbon
dioxide CO2 rising during using of coal
(electricity generation or industrial processes)
should be separated and sequestreted.
Technological Response is necessary

• European Technological Platform for Zero
  Emission Fossil
• Fuel Power Generation (ETP ZEFFPP)
• - Advisory Council is established and several
  working meetings have taken place,
• Vision Paper (VP) has been elaborated
• Key outputs of the ETP will be
• 1. Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) the way
  forward for
• Europe in this area for the immediate
  timeframe and out
• to 2030,
• 2. Deployment Strategy (DS) how the
  technology will
• be deployed into the market place.

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THE KEY PROBLEMS OF ZERO EMISSION FOSSIL FUEL
POWER GENERATION

• Significant enhancement of the efficiency of the
  conversion
• process from fuel to electricity (including
  Clean Coal Technologies)
• - increase of maximum process temperatures
  for established processes,
• - improvement of components,
• - development of new processes and systems.
• CO2 Capture and Storage technology for future
• - cost effective CO2 capture including
  incorporation into power
• generation cycles,
• - safe and reliable CO2 transportation
  infrastructure,
• - safe and reliable use and storage of CO2.

A joint critical mass research, development,
demonstration and deployment program of industry,
science within the EU should open up the
opportunity for Europe to take a lead in clean
fossil energy.
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F E N C O ERA NET acronim Fossil Energy
Coalition
Title of project Promotion of an Integrated
European and National RD Initiative for Fossil
Energy Technologies towards Zero Emission Power
Plant

• 16 partners and subcontractors.
• The initiative group of FENCO ERA - NET
• - Forschungszentrum Jülich Germany
  co-ordinator
• - Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit
  Germany
• - Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
  Great Britain
• - Future Energy Solution Great Britain

Project is scheduled for 4 years Start July 2005
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Prof. Dubinski Józef Central Mining
Institute Katowice, POLAND
Thank you for attention