Diapositiva 1

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BALANCE ENTRE VIDA Y TRABAJO
PROF. Dr. LUIS SIME POMA Lima,
2009 http//blog.pucp.edu.pe/luissime
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INTRODUCCION

• Creciente interés por el tema trabajo-vida por
  indicadores de salud y costos laborales que está
  llevando a varios países a construir
  normatividades (Australia-Inglaterra-Canadá,
  etc.) y promover medidas de prevención personal e
  institucionales.

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VISION HISTORICA DEL LA RELACION TRABAJO-VIDA

• El proceso histórico de la modernidad nuevas
  condiciones sociales y culturales para la
  relación entre T-F.
• Crisis de la matriz unificadora de las sociedades
  premodernas religión e identidad comunitaria
  fuerte.

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• La modernidad extrae del contexto y tradición
  familiar y comunitario, el trabajo, genera
  mecanismos y filtros para la separación.
• El paradigma de desarrollo reduccionista-economici
  sta agudiza la tensión entre trabajo-vida
  generando un alto costo.

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Acercamientos multidisciplinarios

• Gestión organizacional (Climas laborales/ ISO)
• Sociología del trabajo
• Psicología familiar
• Trabajo Social

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TEORÍAS DEL WORK-LIFE BALANCE

• Spillover theory emotionsbehaviours in one
  sphere would carry over to the other (employees
  having a bad day at work are more likely to be in
  bad mood when they return home)
• ways in which paid work can positively or
  negatively spill over into family life and the
  ways in which family life can positively or
  negatively spillover into paid work life.

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Brunton, 2006
Figure 1 Underlying framework for Work, Family
and Parenting study
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Figure 31 Positive spillover home to work
Brunton, 2006
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• Compensation theory an inverse relationship
  exists between workfamily such that people make
  differing investments in each in an attempt to
  make up for what one is missing in the other
• individuals with unsatisfying family lives, will
  try to pursue work activities that bring
  satisfaction, and the reverse.

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• Hakim (2002) proposes that preference theory
  can explain and predict womens choices between
  paid work and family work five historical changes
  which have been collectively important in
  creating a new scenario in which women in rich
  modern societies have genuine choices.
• These historical changes are as follows
• the contraceptive revolution
• the equal opportunities revolution
• the expansion of white-collar occupations
• the creation of jobs for secondary earners
• the increasing importance of attitudes, values
  and personal preferences in the lifestyle choices
  of prosperous, liberal modern societies.

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• women choose three different lifestyles
  home-centred,
• work-centred or
• adaptive.
• These divergent lifestyle preferences are found
  at all levels of education, and in all social
  classes (Hakim 2003).

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• Asked to indicate a preference for the one they
  would ideally choose for themselves
• Both partners have jobs. Jobs are equally
  demanding. Housework and childcare
  responsibilities are shared equally.
• Both partners have jobs. One partner has a more
  demanding job and the other partner does a larger
  share of the housework/ childcare
  responsibilities.
• One partner has a job and the other partner
  mainly does the housework/ childcare
  responsibilities.

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• BORDER THEORY people are
• proactive and not reactive, they
• moved back and forth between
• their work and family lives,
• shaping each, negotiating and
• comunicating.
• Questions
• How do individuals segment or
• integrate work and home?
• What determines whether a
• persons degree of separation or
• integration leads to balance?
• (Campbell 2000)

Differences Workfamily times and spaces,and
ends
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• the primary connection between work and family
• systems is not emotional, but human. People are
  border-
• crossers who make daily transitions between two
  worlds
• the world of work and the world of family.
  People
• shape these worlds, mold the borders between
  them,
• and determine the border-crossers relationship
  to that
• world and its members. Though people shape their
• environments, they are, in turn, shaped by them.
  It is
• this very contradiction of determining and being
• determined by our work and home environments that
  
• makes work/family balance one of the most
  challenging
• concepts in the study of work and the study of
  families
• (p.748)

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Situational-simultaneous APPROACH (Sime)

• Balance what kinds of situations does the person
  
• lives simulatenously between the work and family
  that
• can affect in his balance?
• The people live different types of critical
  situations
• simulatenosly and should respond to them.
• The critical situations can be stable or
  transitionals.
• The critical situations involve emotions,
  thinking,
• actions

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• The people respond critical situations in their
  work and family depending on the degree of
  demanding. When in both domains the degree is in
  the top increase the conflict.
• The people respond critical situations in their
  work and family depending on the level of
  proximity with the people envolve in the critical
  situation.
• When in both domains the people involve is close
  and the degree of demanding is high increase the
  conflict

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CONDICIONES DE TENSIÓN SITUACIONAL
SIMULTANEA FAMILIA-TRABAJO
trabajo
familia
extendida
núcleo
núcleo
extendida
-enfermedad 1 2 3 4
-comunicación 1 2 3 4
-comunicación 1 2 3 4
-enfermedad 1 2 3 4
-eficacia 1 2 3 4
-ético 1 2 3 4
-eficacia 1 2 3 4
-ético 1 2 3 4
Otros incidentes críticos Nacimiento/fallecimient
o Matrimonio-convivencia/ separación-divorcio Inde
pendencia/viaje hijos
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Otras limitaciones de las teorías del worklife
balance

• Construidas sobre la base del trabajo pagado/ del
  empleo fijo-formal
• Construidas desde la base de una familia-tipo
  urbano
• Construidas desde la noción que el trabajo está
  allá afuera de la casa (hay familias-empresa que
  trabajan dentro)
• Desde el punto de vista escolar el alumno que no
  trabaja también construye una relación entre
  escuela-familia y el que trabaja entre
  escuela-trabajo-familia