Adjective Clauses

1
Adjective Clauses

• 052.01

2
Example Franklin Delano Roosevelt

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who was the 32nd
  president of the U.S., had four terms.

3
What is an adjective clause?

• Adjective
• describes or gives information about a noun

4
What is an adjective clause?

• Clause
• a group of words that has a subject and a verb

5
What is an adjective clause?

• Adjective Clause
• a group of words with a subject and verb that
  describes a noun

6
Adjective Clause Examples

• I met a man who is kind to everybody.
• I have a book that I borrowed from the library.
• The parking lot that is closed is under
  construction.
• The friend whom I studied with last quarter is in
  another class.

7
Clauses

• A clause is a group of words that has a subject
  and a verb.
• There are two kinds of clauses
• Independent
• Dependent
• Adjective clauses are dependent clauses.

8
Clauses

• An independent clause is a main clause and can
  stand alone.
• I met a man.
• A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a
  sentence it must be connected to an independent
  clause.
• who lives in Chicago
• An independent clause a dependent clause is a
  complete sentence.
• I met a man who lives in Chicago.

9
Who in Adjective Clauses

• Who is for subjects.
• The man is friendly.
• He lives next to me.
• The man who lives next to me is friendly.

10
Who in Adjective Clauses

• The man who lives next to me is friendly.

He lives next to me. who lives next to me
11
Whom in Adjective Clauses

• Whom is for objects.
• The man was friendly.
• I met him.
• The man whom I met was friendly.

12
Who in Adjective Clauses

• The man whom I met was friendly.

I met him. whom I met
13
That in Adjective Clauses

• That can be used for subjects or objects.
• Subject
• The man is friendly.
• He lives next to me.
• The man that lives next to me is friendly.
• Object
• The man was friendly.
• I met him.
• The man that I met was friendly.

14
Practice

• Example
• The man talked a lot. He sat next to me.
• The man who sat next to me talked a lot.
• The man that sat next to me talked a lot.
• The police officer was friendly. She gave me
  directions.
• The waiter was friendly. He served us dinner.
• The people were nice. I met them at the party
  last night.
• The man talked a lot. I met him on the plane.
• Three women walked into my office. I didnt know
  them.

15
Relative Pronouns

• who
• whom
• that
• which
• whose

16
Omitting the Relative Pronoun

• If the relative pronoun replaces the subject, it
  cannot be omitted.
• The man (who lives next to me) is friendly.
• If the relative pronoun replaces the object, it
  can be omitted.
• The man (I met) was friendly.
• The man (whom I met) was friendly.

17
Practice

• Find the adjective clause. Can the relative
  pronoun be omitted? If yes, write a new
  sentence.
• The woman who(m) I met last night was
  interesting.
• The man who answered the phone was polite.
• The people that Nadia is visiting live on Elm
  Street.
• The students that came to class late missed the
  quiz.
• Ive become good friends with several of the
  people who(m) I met in my English class last year.

18
Relative Pronouns

• who used for people in place of subjects and
  informally for objects
• whom used for people in place of objects only
• that used for people and things in place of
  objects or subjects
• which used for things only in place of objects
  or subjects

19
Practice

• Combine the two simple sentences into one complex
  sentence using an adjective clause for sentence
  b. List all of the possible answers.
• (a) The soup was too salty. (b) I had it for
  lunch.
• (a) I have a class. (b) It begins at 800 a.m.
• (a) The information helped me a lot. (b) I
  found it on the Internet.

20
Punctuation

• General guidelines for punctuation of adjective
  clauses
• Do NOT use commas if the adjective clause is
  necessary to identify the noun it describes.
• Use commas if the adjective clause gives
  additional information, and it is not necessary
  to identify the noun.

21
Examples

• The professor who teaches Chemistry 101 is an
  excellent lecturer. (essential clause)
• Professor Wilson, who teaches Chemistry 101, is
  an excellent lecturer. (nonessential clause)
• Always use commas when the noun being modified
  is a proper noun. A proper noun begins with a
  capital letter.

22
Examples

• We took some children on a picnic. The children,
  who wanted to play soccer, ran to an open field
  as soon as we arrived at the park. (nonessential
  clause)
• We took some children on a picnic. The children
  who wanted to play soccer ran to an open field as
  soon as we arrived at the park. The others
  played a different game. (essential clause)

23
Special Rules for Nonessential Clauses

• You cannot use that.
• Mr. Lee, that I met yesterday, teaches English.
• Mr. Lee, who(m) I met yesterday, teaches
  English.
• You cannot omit the object pronouns.
• Mr. Lee, I met yesterday, teaches English.
• Mr. Lee, who(m) I met yesterday, teaches English.

24
Relative Pronouns

• who
• whom
• that
• which
• whose

25
Whose in Adjective Clauses

• Whose shows possession.
• The man called the police.
• His car was stolen.
• The man whose car was stolen called the police.

26
Whose in Adjective Clauses

• The man whose car was stolen called the police.

His car was stolen. whose car was stolen
27
Practice

• Combine the two simple sentences into one complex
  sentence using an adjective clause for sentence
  b.
• (a) There is a woman. (b) Her cat died.
• (a) Over there is a man. (b) His daughter is in
  my English class.
• (a) Over there is a woman. (b) You met her
  husband yesterday.