Carthage and Rome

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Carthage and Rome
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1 Trade and Diplomacy

• Carthages presence in Sicily a threat to Romes
  new dependencies in Magna Graecia.
• Lead to 3 wars
• Sicily, W. Mediterranean and destruction of
  Carthage

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Carthage - A Trading Empire

• Population size of whole of Italy
• Forced the countries it controlled to supply
  soldiers for its army
• Extracted heavy tributes and did not seek to win
  good will or cooperation of its subjects.
• Large navy protected its commercial fleet
• Navy not seriously tested in prolonged battle.

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Map
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First Punic War

• Messana in Sicily 264 B.C.
• Conflict developed over Carthaginian commercial
  interests and Romes new phase of conquest.
• Romes influenced by the ambitions of
  individuals and self-interest of various groups
  (equities saw commercial adv.)

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Roman Success
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Effects of Victory
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Second Punic War 218-202
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Hannibals Success Failure

• Early victories won over southern Italy
• Did not attack Rome no siege equipment
• Carthage did not sent reinforcements because Rome
  controlled the seas and fought Carthaginians in
  Spain
• Hannibal defeated in Africa by Scipio Africanus -
  Zama

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Third Punic War 149-146

• Rome feared Carthaginian resurgence and demanded
  that they abandon their city and move to a new
  inland site.
• Sea people found this an unacceptable demand
• Scipio Aemilianus broke through walls of Carthage
  146 B.C.

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Carthage Destroyed

• Cato spoke in favour of sparing the Carthaginians
  but outvoted
• Whole city utterly blotted out of existence
• To settle on the site was declared an accursed
  act.
• Slavery for a few and prison for most
• Hasdrubal kept in honourable confinement.

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Rome Conquered Mediterranean

• 133 B.C. control of Mediterranean
• Status of Senate enhanced as they directed much
  of the war effort
• Rome most powerful city in the W. Med