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The War of 1812

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Title: The War of 1812


1
The War of 1812
2
The War Background
  • Throughout history England and France have been
    constantly at battle with one another
  • During this time Canada was a British Colony
  • The United States had a good trading relationship
    with France, but their relationship with England
    had deteriorated

3
Outbreak of the War
  • On June 19th, 1812 President Madison of the USA
    declared war against Britain.
  • They fought between the border of the USA and
    Upper (Ontario) Lower (Quebec) Canada.

4
President Madison and others flee the British
www.napoleonguide.com/pixs_dcburns.htm
5
www.fissionmediagroup.com/work2_ablearn1.html
6
The Northern Frontier
www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/amh/amh-06.htm
7
nicholelouise.tripod.com/
8
British Blockade
  • The fight was on both land and at sea
  • Although the USA were successful in smaller
    battles at sea the British were able to set up a
    blockade close to Delaware and Chesapeake Rivers,
    which prevented the USA from trading with Europe.
  • This is when the USA really started to attack
    Canada.

9
Area of Blockade
www.pride2.org/NewPrideSite/MD/Logs/Log10.html
10
Seizure of American Sailors by the British

www.sw19j.com/images/War_of_1812_Seizure.jpg
11
members.tripod.com/barthlynnmccoy/battle.jpg
12
Blacks Participating in the War
  • Most of the Blacks joined the British side
    because the British promised freedom, equality
    land in Canada to all American Blacks who fought
    against the USA.
  • Thousands of blacks volunteered, particularly the
    Blacks from Chesapeake Bay area.

13
The British Slave Trade
  • The British were not happy with the slave trade
    and they freed many American slaves after they
    won battles.
  • Many slaves also ran away on their own and joined
    the British
  • Americans thought that runaways were supplying
    British with intelligence on American military
    activities.

14
  • William Hammond, an officer of the Royal Marines,
    trained the slaves in combat. They were known as
    the Colonial Marines.
  • Slaves proved they could fight.
  • The black soldiers knew the information needed to
    fight the Americans, such as they knew where to
    go.
  • Later the Colonial Marines joined with the Second
    Battalion, forming a Third Battalion called The
    Royal and Colonial Marines

15
The Arrival of the Chesapeake Blacks to NS
  • When the war ended, nearly 2,000 Black refugees
    arrived in NS. They came between 1812 and 1815.
  • As part of the peace agreement in 1814, the
    British gave the United States 250,000 (app. 1
    million dollars US) in compensation for the
    slaves they lost.

16
www.britannica.com/eb/art-5572
17
  • After the war, any ship arriving in Halifax had
    refugees.
  • Many of the Refugees fled to NS to find freedom
    because if they stayed in the USA they would have
    been put back into slavery.
  • Once they arrived, they were allowed to seek
    jobs, which were relatively easy to find in NS
    after the war.
  • However, they were not as lucky the following
    year.

18
  • In 1815, the economy in NS dropped and the first
    to lose their jobs were the Refugees.
  • They were unable to support themselves and had to
    rely on government rations.
  • There was also an outbreak of smallpox
  • The government helped with the smallpox, but they
    did not want any more Refugees to come to NS.

19
Settlements in NS
  • Preston and Hammonds Plains were chosen as the
    sites for the major settlements. These were
    isolated communities
  • Others were Refugee Hill (Halifax), Cobequid Road
    and many more
  • In Preston, they were close to the Halifax market
    to sell goods, but a lot of the land was too
    small and barren
  • They set up people to construct cabins for the
    town. They had 500 settlers and most of the
    homes were poor quality.

20
Preston Hammonds Plains
http//www.cpa.ednet.ns.ca/index_5.html
www.gov.ns.ca/nsarm/virtual/africanns/ch4.asp
21
  • Lord Dalhousie, the Lieutenant-Governor of NS,
    encouraged the Refugees to clear their land, by
    offering them seeds for potatoes, cabbage and
    turnip.
  • The former slaves found it difficult to adjust to
    the NS harsh winters, as they were from the
    south.
  • They suffered from many illnesses, such as colds,
    flu and pneumonia
  • Also, the cold caused many crops to fail and they
    had to go the government for assistance.
  • They felt trapped in NS, because they could not
    leave as they feared being put back into slavery

22
Emigration to Trinidad
  • In 1821, the government had sent app. 100
    Refugees to Trinidad, where they would not be put
    back into slavery.
  • Some had volunteered and some were sent due to an
    outbreak of scarlet fever in Hammonds Plains.

23
Those who Stayed
  • Those who stayed kept farming and sold their
    products in the Halifax market
  • Many women in Hammonds Plains sold crafts in
    Halifax
  • Others remained as unskilled labourers

24
Hammonds Plains
  • Hammonds Plains was named after the Lieutenant
    Governor, Sir Andrew Snape Hammond (Hammond).
  • After the war of 1812 roughly 500 Black people
    settled in Hammonds Plains.

25
http//museum.gov.ns.ca/blackloyalists/18001900/Pl
aces1800/hammonds.htm
The photo is of a family from Upper Hammonds
Plains going to market.
26
Features of Hammonds Plains
  • One of the most important features of the
    Hammonds Plains settlement was the Pockwock Lake.
  • The lake was named by the Micmac Indians. The
    name came from an Indian word meaning the place
    where you can go no further. This was because
    the Pockwock road ended at the lake.
  • There was a 46 million dollar water system put in
    place. The water system was made to blend in with
    the wildlife and its surroundings while still
    supplying drinkable water for the community.

27
Pockwock
lakes.chebucto.org/.../POCKWOCK/pockwock.html
www.mitchelmore-engineering.com/default.asp?m...

28
Churches in Hammonds Plains
  • The Emmanuel Baptist church was one of the first
    churches in Hammonds Plains. Rev. Burton was a
    Baptist and he helped in opening the church in
    Hammonds Plains.
  • The only other Baptist church at the time was in
    Halifax and did not welcome Black people.
  • Rev. Burton made sure that Blacks felt welcome
    and accepted to the Emmanuel Baptist.

29
Emmanuel Baptist Church
http//www.ebchurch.ca/history.php
30
http//www.ebchurch.ca/history.php
  • The new Emmanuel Baptist Church was opened up in
    August of 2005, in Upper Hammonds Plains.
  • The current pastor is Lenny Anderson.

31
Hammonds Plains had the first black volunteer
department in Canada.
32
Rev. Richard Preston(1790-1861)
  • Preston escaped slavery and came to Canada in
    search of his mother in 1816.
  • He was a leading figure in helping to set up 11
    Baptist churches in Nova Scotia and encouraged
    church members to press for changes that would
    make their lives easier.

33
  • Affectionately called "Father Preston" by his
    congregation
  • Trained as a Baptist minister in England.
  • Met many of the great liberals who were leading
    voices in the Abolition Debates
  • These debates led to the Slavery Abolition Act
    passed by the British Parliament in 1833.

34
  • Upon his return to Nova Scotia, he became
    President of the Abolitionists in Halifax,
  • One of Richard Prestons greatest accomplishments
    was the creation of the African United Baptist
    Association in 1854.
  • The Association is made up of representatives
    from 12 Black Baptist Churches in Nova Scotia and
    has grown to become one of the most important
    African Canadian community groups in the history
    of Nova Scotia.

35
Lucasville
  • Lucasville is over 250 years old
  • William Oliver was given a large amount of land
    that is passed down from generation to generation
  • Lucasville had its cemetery on the Old Sackville
    Road, which many of the original settlers are
    buried in the road.
  • The focal point of the community is the
    Lucasville United Baptist Church
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