Title: The War of 1812
1The War of 1812
2The War Background
- Throughout history England and France have been
constantly at battle with one another - During this time Canada was a British Colony
- The United States had a good trading relationship
with France, but their relationship with England
had deteriorated
3Outbreak of the War
- On June 19th, 1812 President Madison of the USA
declared war against Britain. - They fought between the border of the USA and
Upper (Ontario) Lower (Quebec) Canada.
4President Madison and others flee the British
www.napoleonguide.com/pixs_dcburns.htm
5 www.fissionmediagroup.com/work2_ablearn1.html
6The Northern Frontier
www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/amh/amh-06.htm
7nicholelouise.tripod.com/
8British Blockade
- The fight was on both land and at sea
- Although the USA were successful in smaller
battles at sea the British were able to set up a
blockade close to Delaware and Chesapeake Rivers,
which prevented the USA from trading with Europe.
- This is when the USA really started to attack
Canada.
9Area of Blockade
www.pride2.org/NewPrideSite/MD/Logs/Log10.html
10Seizure of American Sailors by the British
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11members.tripod.com/barthlynnmccoy/battle.jpg
12Blacks Participating in the War
- Most of the Blacks joined the British side
because the British promised freedom, equality
land in Canada to all American Blacks who fought
against the USA. - Thousands of blacks volunteered, particularly the
Blacks from Chesapeake Bay area.
13The British Slave Trade
- The British were not happy with the slave trade
and they freed many American slaves after they
won battles. - Many slaves also ran away on their own and joined
the British - Americans thought that runaways were supplying
British with intelligence on American military
activities.
14- William Hammond, an officer of the Royal Marines,
trained the slaves in combat. They were known as
the Colonial Marines. - Slaves proved they could fight.
- The black soldiers knew the information needed to
fight the Americans, such as they knew where to
go. - Later the Colonial Marines joined with the Second
Battalion, forming a Third Battalion called The
Royal and Colonial Marines
15The Arrival of the Chesapeake Blacks to NS
- When the war ended, nearly 2,000 Black refugees
arrived in NS. They came between 1812 and 1815. - As part of the peace agreement in 1814, the
British gave the United States 250,000 (app. 1
million dollars US) in compensation for the
slaves they lost.
16www.britannica.com/eb/art-5572
17- After the war, any ship arriving in Halifax had
refugees. - Many of the Refugees fled to NS to find freedom
because if they stayed in the USA they would have
been put back into slavery. - Once they arrived, they were allowed to seek
jobs, which were relatively easy to find in NS
after the war. - However, they were not as lucky the following
year.
18- In 1815, the economy in NS dropped and the first
to lose their jobs were the Refugees. - They were unable to support themselves and had to
rely on government rations. - There was also an outbreak of smallpox
- The government helped with the smallpox, but they
did not want any more Refugees to come to NS.
19Settlements in NS
- Preston and Hammonds Plains were chosen as the
sites for the major settlements. These were
isolated communities - Others were Refugee Hill (Halifax), Cobequid Road
and many more - In Preston, they were close to the Halifax market
to sell goods, but a lot of the land was too
small and barren - They set up people to construct cabins for the
town. They had 500 settlers and most of the
homes were poor quality.
20Preston Hammonds Plains
http//www.cpa.ednet.ns.ca/index_5.html
www.gov.ns.ca/nsarm/virtual/africanns/ch4.asp
21- Lord Dalhousie, the Lieutenant-Governor of NS,
encouraged the Refugees to clear their land, by
offering them seeds for potatoes, cabbage and
turnip. - The former slaves found it difficult to adjust to
the NS harsh winters, as they were from the
south. - They suffered from many illnesses, such as colds,
flu and pneumonia - Also, the cold caused many crops to fail and they
had to go the government for assistance. - They felt trapped in NS, because they could not
leave as they feared being put back into slavery
22Emigration to Trinidad
- In 1821, the government had sent app. 100
Refugees to Trinidad, where they would not be put
back into slavery. - Some had volunteered and some were sent due to an
outbreak of scarlet fever in Hammonds Plains.
23Those who Stayed
- Those who stayed kept farming and sold their
products in the Halifax market - Many women in Hammonds Plains sold crafts in
Halifax - Others remained as unskilled labourers
24Hammonds Plains
- Hammonds Plains was named after the Lieutenant
Governor, Sir Andrew Snape Hammond (Hammond). - After the war of 1812 roughly 500 Black people
settled in Hammonds Plains.
25http//museum.gov.ns.ca/blackloyalists/18001900/Pl
aces1800/hammonds.htm
The photo is of a family from Upper Hammonds
Plains going to market.
26Features of Hammonds Plains
- One of the most important features of the
Hammonds Plains settlement was the Pockwock Lake.
- The lake was named by the Micmac Indians. The
name came from an Indian word meaning the place
where you can go no further. This was because
the Pockwock road ended at the lake. - There was a 46 million dollar water system put in
place. The water system was made to blend in with
the wildlife and its surroundings while still
supplying drinkable water for the community.
27Pockwock
lakes.chebucto.org/.../POCKWOCK/pockwock.html
www.mitchelmore-engineering.com/default.asp?m...
28Churches in Hammonds Plains
- The Emmanuel Baptist church was one of the first
churches in Hammonds Plains. Rev. Burton was a
Baptist and he helped in opening the church in
Hammonds Plains. - The only other Baptist church at the time was in
Halifax and did not welcome Black people. - Rev. Burton made sure that Blacks felt welcome
and accepted to the Emmanuel Baptist.
29Emmanuel Baptist Church
http//www.ebchurch.ca/history.php
30http//www.ebchurch.ca/history.php
- The new Emmanuel Baptist Church was opened up in
August of 2005, in Upper Hammonds Plains. - The current pastor is Lenny Anderson.
31Hammonds Plains had the first black volunteer
department in Canada.
32Rev. Richard Preston(1790-1861)
- Preston escaped slavery and came to Canada in
search of his mother in 1816. - He was a leading figure in helping to set up 11
Baptist churches in Nova Scotia and encouraged
church members to press for changes that would
make their lives easier.
33- Affectionately called "Father Preston" by his
congregation - Trained as a Baptist minister in England.
- Met many of the great liberals who were leading
voices in the Abolition Debates - These debates led to the Slavery Abolition Act
passed by the British Parliament in 1833.
34- Upon his return to Nova Scotia, he became
President of the Abolitionists in Halifax, - One of Richard Prestons greatest accomplishments
was the creation of the African United Baptist
Association in 1854. - The Association is made up of representatives
from 12 Black Baptist Churches in Nova Scotia and
has grown to become one of the most important
African Canadian community groups in the history
of Nova Scotia.
35Lucasville
- Lucasville is over 250 years old
- William Oliver was given a large amount of land
that is passed down from generation to generation - Lucasville had its cemetery on the Old Sackville
Road, which many of the original settlers are
buried in the road. - The focal point of the community is the
Lucasville United Baptist Church