Dan Gable

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Dan Gable
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During his prep and college careers, Gable
compiled a record of 182-1 - he was undefeated in
64 prep matches and was 118-1 at Iowa St.
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Quote"Im a big believer in starting with high
standards and raising them. We make progress only
when we push ourselves to the highest level. If
we dont progress, we backslide into bad habits,
laziness and poor attitude."
Establish a great goal
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You cant wait to do the right thing

• What do you think brought Dan Gable to this
  point?

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At Waterloo West High School, Gable went 64-0,
with 25 pins

• Establish a concrete specific goal

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by the way wrestle offs on Monday and Tuesday
Jurgens hallafter school
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Go over homework and give new

• Homework
• Read pages
• 191 to 198
• Problems 1- 14

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We have been discussing how an atom will gain or
lose an electron so that it acquires a noble gas
configuration
And the strong ionic bond is created
Bonding movie
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We also said that instead of losing an electron
you can develop a tug of war between two nonmetal
takers and develop an intramolecular covalent bond
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Covalent bonds occur when two nonmetals (two
takers) wrestle over an electron

• Both elements are takers and neither is strong
  enough to pull off an electron off the other

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How strong is not strong enough

• To quantitate the strength Linus Pauling made up
  numbers that gauge the ionization energy called
  Electronegativity numbers

I would have called them ionization
numbers Because electronegativity numbers mean
the same thing
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Remember that Electronegativity Relates directly
to ionization energy The numbers range from .7
to 4
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For an electron to be completely pulled off there
must be a Electronegativity difference of About
2.1
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Na Cl H Cl
K O H H
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If the Electronegativity is from 0 to .5 then
the molecular orbital is balanced with even
sharing
NONPOLAR 0 - .5
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If the Electronegativity difference is from .5
to 2.1 then the molecular orbital is skewed
toward the more electronegative
POLAR COVALENT .5 2.1
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If the Electronegativity is from 2.1 or greater
then the molecular orbital is broken and the
electron is displaced creating ions
IONIC OVER 2.1
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With HCl the shared electron is pulled toward
the more attractive atom.

• H 2.0 .
• Cl 3.2 difference of 1.2

  This is called a Dipole
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The dipole exists because there is a pulling in
of the electrons orbit on one side of the
molecule and an exposed nucleus on the other
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Sharing of electrons in water
Notice how the electrons are pulled to the oxygen
nucleus
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This is what gives water its polar nature the
unbalanced sharing of electrons between oxygen
and Hydrogen
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The Molecular orbital is the space within which
the electrons orbit
With water the molecular orbital is pulled toward
the oxygen
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So in order to be stable and atom will either1)
lose or gain an electron ionic2) share an
electron a) balanced sharing is
nonpolar b) unbalanced sharing polar
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There is a special class of molecules that are
very common and very powerful

• They have perfectly balanced sharing and are thus
  nonpolar and very stable

The most balanced sharing is between two
identical elements!!!!
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Diatomic Molecules

• HOFBrINCl

These elements never exist alone but because of
the electrons shell they create strong diatomic
covalent bonds.
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Iron reacts with oxygen

• Copper reacts with hydrogen gas
• Pottasiujm reacts with nitrogen
• Magnesium reacts with Chorine gas
• Sulfur reacts with flourine
• Bromine reacts with Carbon

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Oxygen has 6 valance electrons It needs to share
2 electrons to gain an octet
Bonding of oxygen atoms by sharing 2 electrons
O2
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The intramolecular covalent bond is very close
and very tight
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So what happens when you put an ionic or
molecular compound together
It depends if the molecule is it polar or nonpolar
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Sugar goes into solution
miscible
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Oil does not go into water
Immiscible
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Show example of each

• Oil and water
• Water and alcohol
• Put alcohol in different pigment then water red
  and yellow

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Why do some things dissolve and others do not?

• The entire concept of dissolving is centered
  around the very simple idea of attraction between
  particles.

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Picture a bucket of magnets again

• They will clump

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Picture a bunch of nonpolar plastic spheres
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If you mix the plastic balls with the magnets
what do you get
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do the plastic spheres and magnets mix or are
the pink plastic balls sticking together? Are
the pink plastic balls afraid of the magnets
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What happens when you put them together?
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The nonpolar spheres are invisible to the magnets
and are pushed aside.

• The nonpolar spheres dont stick together it is
  the magnets that congeal and in congealing
  isolate the nonpolar spheres.

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hydrophobic
Water afraid

• hydrophilic

Water lover
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So two polar substances will mix by virtue of the
and attractionand non polar things will mix
because they are invisible to one another
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Diapers and the issue of polarity

• super absorbent polymers

One pound of the crystals holds about 50 gallons
of water
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This is how those expanding toys work
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Show the diaper
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Solubility
Solubility is the tendency for one substance to
go into solution of another substance
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Explain molecule vs atom

• Copper CO2
• H2O Aluminum
• KClO3 C6H12O6
• Hydrogen gas

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Concentrated or real ready to drink
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In your body the concentration can not be off by
the smallest degree for some substances
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Water soluble vs fat soluble vitamins

• Vitamin C
• Vitamin E

Vital amines vitamines
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What is concentration

• The concentration of a solution is a measure of
  the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent
  or solution.

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solvent

• The solvent is the dissolving medium in a
  solution

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solute

• The solute is the substance dissolved in a
  solvent

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The substance in a solution that is present in
the greater amount is the solvent. The substance
present in the lesser amount is called the solute
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Most liquid mixtures involve a solid and a liquid

• Liquid is the solvent
• Solid is the solute

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Know that we know how things mix and dont mix
lets talk further about concentration

• How are concentrations measured?

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Alcohol
proof
percent

• Fluoride in water

ppm
Orange juice
percent
chemicals
molarity