Understanding the Periodic Table

1
Understanding the Periodic Table
2
The Atom

• Nucleus
• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electron Cloud
• Electrons
• Electrons in the outer ring are called valence
  electrons

3
Periodic Table

• Family or Group
• Vertical columns
• Period
• Horizontal rows
• Element Square
• Atomic of Protons of Electrons
• Atomic Mass/Weight Atomic Neutrons

4
Grouping the Elements

• Group 1 2 are very reactive!!
• Group 1 2 have 1/2 valence electrons
• The ability to gain, lose, or share valence
  electrons makes that element more reactive.
• When the elements combine they form compounds.
• Are found in nature only as compounds.

5
Group 1 Alkali Metals

• Group 1 contains Metals
• Valence Electrons 1
• Reactivity Very Reactive
• Properties
• Soft
• Silver colored
• Shiny
• Low density

6
Group 2 Alkaline-Earth Metals

• Group 2 contains Metals
• Valence electrons 2
• Reactivity Very reactive, but less reactive
  than alkali metals
• Properties
• Silver colored
• More dense than alkali metals

7
Group 3-12 Transition Metals

• Groups 3-12 contain Metals
• Valence Electrons 1 or 2
• Reactivity Less reactive than alkaline
• Properties
• Shiny
• Good conductors of thermal energy electric
  current
• Higher densities melting points

8
Lanthanides Actinides?

• Prevent table from being too wide.
• Lanthanides
• Follow the transition metal lanthanum
• Actinides
• Follow the transition metal actinium
• Radioactive and are unstable

9
Group 13-16 Metalloids

• Group 13 to 16 change from Metals to nonmetals
• These groups have properties of metals and
  nonmetals
• Groups 13-16 have 10 fewer valence electrons than
  their group

10
Groups 17 18 Nonmetals ONLY

• Group 17 Halogens
• Very reactive nonmetals
• Need to gain only 1 valence electron
• React violently w/ alkali metals
• Group 18 Noble Gases
• Unreactive nonmetals
• Have filled outer most energy level
• Heliums nonreactivity makes it safer than

11
Hydrogen

• Does not match any single group?
• It is like alkali metals 1 valence electron
• Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the
  universe!