FREUD AND THE FREUDIANS

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FREUD AND THE FREUDIANS
SIGMUND FREUD
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PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
SEX
Something That Brings Bodily Pleasure (Not only
genital)
LIBIDO
Sexual Energy Catharsis
EROGENOUS ZONE
An Area Of The Body On Which Sexual Energy Is
Concentrated (An area of the body that brings
pleasure)
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FREUDIAN CONCEPTS
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
PERSONALITY CONSTRUCTS

• GENITAL
• LATENCY
• PHALLIC (OEDIPAL)
• ANAL
• ORAL

• SUPEREGO
• EGO
• ID

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What Is The Nature Of People

• Are people active or passive?
• Passive??
• What is the relationship between learning and
  development?
• How do people change?
• Maturational
• What motivates people?
• IDpleasure principle

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• How important is behavior?
• We know nothing from behavior. We need to
  understand what motivates the behavior.
• How important is thinking?
• Conflict free sphere of the ego.
• 7. How important are emotions?
• Vitally Important. The theory is one of
  emotional developmental.

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What Should Educators Be Trying to Achieve?

• What educational goals are most
  consistent with this theory?
• What educational methodologies are most
  consistent with this theory?
• According to this theory, what is the purpose of
  schools and education?

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How Is Achievement and/or the Lack of Achievement
Explained?

• How does the theory define achievement?!!!
• What are the factors that contribute to
  achievement?
• What are the factors that contribute to lack of
  achievement?

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STAGE CHARACTERISTICS

• Each stage is named for the area of the body on
  which sexual energy (libido) is centered during
  that stage.
• The stages are sequential, but they are NOT
  hierarchical.
• Regression to and fixation at a stage can occur.

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ID

• is innate
• is motivated by pleasure
• is the source of libidinal energy
• contains basic drives hunger, thirst
• aggression, anger, destruction
• contains no logic or rational thoughts, just
  DESIRES

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EGO

• Develops as the Id comes into contact with
  reality
• Governed by the reality principle
• uses reasoning in order to come to conclusions
• serves as a check on the Id--delays actions
  until they are reasonable.

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SUPEREGO

• Develops as a result of internalizing parental
  standards and values
• Has two aspects

Conscience
Ego Ideal
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CONSCIENCE(SUPEREGO)
Tells us what NOT to do and punishes us if we do
something wrong by making us have feelings of...
GUILT
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EGO IDEAL(SUPEREGO)

• Tells us what to do. It is the POSITIVE aspect of
  the superego.
• Provides goals for life
• Is the source of ideals

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ORAL STAGE (infancy)
Energy from the libido is centered on the mouth.
Two periods Early period (first few months of
life) characterized by narcissism Later period
characterized by urge to bite and by separation
anxiety

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ORAL STAGE FIXATION

• Preoccupation with oral activities
• eating
• biting
• biting on pencils
• smoking
• loquaciousness

Regressions are characterized by a temporary
fixation with oral activities due to stress or
frustration. The stronger a fixation, the more
likely a regression to that stage.
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ANAL STAGE (11/2--3 yrs. old)
Energy from the libido is centered on the anal
zone and its products.
Child is asked to renounce instinctive pleasure
by becoming toilet trained. This usually results
in anger and testing of parents.
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ANAL STAGE FIXATION
Neat Freak
Anal Compulsive (retentive)
Anal Expulsive
Sloppy, messy disorganized
Compulsive behaviors can be traced to fixation at
this stage
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PHALLIC (OEDIPAL) STAGE (3-6)(boys)
For boys libido is centered on the penis.

• Competition with father for affection of mother-
  fear of castration (anxiety)
• Identification with father and fathers ideals
  and projection of sexual feelings onto other
  women.
• Repression of both sexual feelings for mother
  and hate of father (superego)

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OEDIPAL STAGE FIXATION(boys)

• Guilt over competitive urges
• Apprehension in competition with other men
• Problems with intimacy since they evoke Oedipal
  feelings
• Less guilt with women who are seen only as
  outlets for Id urges

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PHALLIC (ELECTRA) STAGE (3-6)(girls)

• Penis envy
• Identification with the father
• Lack of castration anxieties leads to a weaker
  superego.

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LATENCY STAGE (6-12!!)
Libido (sexual and aggressive fantasies) is
latent, although probably not completely
gone. Child demonstrates more self-control This
is a time devoted more to intellect than to
emotion--a time for LEARNING both cognitive and
social skills.
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GENITAL STAGE (puberty!!)

• Libido attacks the ego. There is much stress,
  anxiety, turmoil, and loss of confidence (sturm
  und drang).
• Adult sexual feelings cause much sexual and
  social conflict and a looking for ones place and
  role in life.
• Freeing oneself from ones parents is the
  primary task of the adolescent.

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DEFENSE MECHANISMS(used by adolescents to cope
with stress)

• Taking flight--literally or by isolating oneself
• Contempt for parents
• Asceticism--strict diets, rigorous exercise
  regimens, refusal to participate in any fun
  activities
• Intellectualization--construction of elaborate
  philosophies identification with idealistic
  movements