Cold War Conflicts

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Cold War Conflicts
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Origins of Cold War

• After WWII the United States and the Soviet Union
  became enemies because of their political
  ideologies.
• United States (Democratic)
• Soviet Union (Communist)
• These differences will lead to a Cold War between
  the two countries.
• Cold Warthe state of hostility, without direct
  military conflict, that developed between the
  United States and the Soviet Union after WWII.

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Origins of Cold War

• The United States wants Europe to be Democratic,
  and the Soviet Union wants it to be Communist.
• After WWII, Western Europe remains Democratic and
  allies of the United States, but the Soviet Union
  controls Eastern Europe where those countries
  formed communist governments. (satellite nations)
• President Truman adopts a policy of containment
  to stop communism from spreading anywhere else in
  Europe and around the world.

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Origins of Cold War

• President Truman adopts a policy of containment
  to stop communism from spreading anywhere else in
  Europe and around the world.
• Truman issues the Truman Doctrine, which is an
  extension of the Monroe Doctrine and the
  Roosevelt Corollary.
• The Marshall Plan gives aid to European countries
  to keep them stable, so not to fall to communism.

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Germany

• Germany was split into East and West Germany
  after WWII.
• West Germany (Democratic)
• East Germany (Communist)
• Berlin was split into two
• East Berlin (Communist)
• West Berlin (Democratic)
• Berlin Airlift helps the citizens of West Berlin.

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NATO

• The United States and the Democratic European
  countries form an alliance against the Soviets
  called NATO.
• In response to NATO, the Soviets and the
  Communist bloc countries Form their own alliance
  when they sign the Warsaw Pact.

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The Cold War heats up

• Communism expands into Asia when the Communists
  win the Chinese civil war against the
  nationalists, and take control of the country.
• The U.S. had tried to help the Chinese
  Nationalists by giving them money, but their
  efforts failed. The United States was shocked
  that China had become communist.
• After WWII, Korea, which had been conquered by
  Japan, was split into two North and South Korea.

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Korea

• Korea was divided at the 38th Parallel.
• North Korea (Communist)
• South Korea (Democratic)
• North Korea attacks South Korea in an attempt to
  unite the peninsula into one communist country.
• The Cold War policy of containment leads the U.S.
  to provide military support to South Korea to
  stop the spread of communism into that country.

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Korea

• When the war first started, North Korea had
  captured much of South Korea.
• General Douglas McArthur leads the U.S. forces
  against N. Korea in a brilliant counter-attack.
• McArthur defeats N. Korea, and not only pushes
  them out of S. Korea, but he drives them all the
  way to the N.Korean-Chinese Border. This causes
  China to enter the war.

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McArthur v Truman

• McArthur says Bring on China!
• President Truman ordered McArthur not to invade
  China, fearing the Soviets would enter on the
  side of China.
• McArthur kept forcing the issue and was relieved
  of his duty by Truman for insubordination.
• The Korean War ends in a stalemate with nothing
  changing.

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Cold war at home

• Fearing that communism might spread in the United
  States, the Loyalty Review Board and HUAC are
  established to investigate U.S. citizens.
• Witnesses from the film industry refuse to
  testify and are blacklisted in Hollywood.
• Alger Hiss and Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are
  convicted of spying for the Soviets.
• The Rosenbergs are put to death in the face of
  world-wide protests.

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Cold war at home

• Senator Joseph McCarthy makes widely publicized
  attacks on suspected communists in the U.S.
  government. The hearings are shown on T.V.
• McCarthy tries to bully the witnesses and loses
  the support of the public.
• The Senate condemned him for improper conduct.

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Soviets v United States

• In a nuclear race with the Soviets, the United
  States is the first to develop the Hydrogen Bomb.
• One year later the Soviets develop their own
  H-Bomb.
• President Dwight D. Eisenhower and the United
  States form a new Cold War policy called
  brinkmanship, which further accelerates the Cold
  War.
• The race to be the best takes to the sky.

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Race for sky

• The Soviets are the first launch a satellite in
  outer space called Sputnik. The United States is
  embarrassed.
• The two countries try to outdo one another in
  outer space, which leads to the United States to
  place a man on the moon in 1969.
• The U.S. also develops a high-altitude spy plane
  called the U-2, which is used to fly over the
  Soviet Union and take pictures.

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Race for sky

• Francis Gary Powers U-2 Spy plane is shot down
  over the Soviet Union, which worsens U.S.-Soviet
  relations even further. Powers is released in a
  spy for spy exchange.