Chapter 4 Violence and Abuse Societal Challenges

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Chapter 4Violence and AbuseSocietal Challenges

• Violence in Canada

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What is violence? A set of Behaviours that
produce injuries and the outcomes of these
Behaviourspersonal injury!!!!!

• 1988 - ranked 5th. In the world for victimization
  rates with force.
• Riots.sporting events
• political confrontation
• personal violence
• racial/ethnic minorities
• familywomen/children

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Underlying Causes of Violence Abuse

• Social, cultural and individual factors
• Poverty, unemployment, hopelessness,
  education,housing, parents (role models),social
  support systems, discriminatory behaviors.
• Homicide Deaths that results from intent to
  injure or kill
• 586 in 1995 - lower than 1975
• US - 4 times as many

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Who Kills?????

• Most likely you know them!!!!
• 47 - acquaintance
• 36 - spouse
• Victims
• males 67
• committed 87
• Guns - US 29 military
• Canada - 6

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Suicide anger, rage hopelessness turned inward!

• Self-violencea cry for help
• emotional pain
• neurobiological / psychological
• 1992 - 2923 men - 786 women
• One every 2 hours!
• Leading cause of death
• men 30 - 34
• 35 - 45 decrease in rates
• 45 and increase in rates
• First Nations - 5 times Greater!

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Youth Violence

• Is youth crime increasing?
• Zero Tolerance in Schools
• more crimes reported!
• Late teens - 53 of total
• targets - 12 to 17 year olds
• many young offenders in Canada due to a lack of
  alternative approaches

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The Violence of Hate

• Welcome other cultures while marginalizing First
  Nations people
• Acceptance decreases as differences between
  cultures physical appearance widens
• Northern European appearance -the stereotype!
• prejudice and racism part of Canadian society

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Preventing Hate and Bias Crimes

• Intolerance why?
• personal attitudes/behaviors
• fear of change
• blaming others
• economy
• education
• understanding/appreciation
• interactions/stereotypes
• racist jokes / ethnic bigotry
• leadership - promoting understanding and
  appreciation for diversity

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Violence Against Women 1 in 4 women living with
a man is abused each year

• Police RCMP can lay charges..
• reasonable and probable grounds
• takes responsibility from victim
• Montreal Massacre - 1989 - 14 women died
• Violence is alive and well in Canada

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Domestic Violence Discrimination a Global Issue

• United Nations - passed a declaration to
  eliminate all forms of discrimination against
  women
• 1993 - 29 Women experienced violence from men
• 2.8 million partnerships in Canada

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Repeated Beatings.. Why! Doesnt she just leave
him?

• Children
• financially dependent
• fear - retaliation
• hope for change
• cultural/religious beliefs forbid divorce
• love
• co-dependency

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The Cycle of Violence Theorythe downward
spiral..

• Phases
• One Tension Building
• minor battering, women nurture, pleasing, guilt,
  and needs.
• Two Acute Battering
• pleasing doesnt work
• cant control or predict abuse
• teach a lessen
• smoothed over

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Cycle of Violence . Continued!

• Three Remorse / Reconciliation
• batterer may be kind, loving, apologetic
• .Never Again.
• lasts - a month, a week ????
• it wasnt that bad, he is a good man deep down!
• Happens again!!!
• Cycle must be broken!
• Out side help best!!

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Other Stressors which may contributeto abuse and
neglect..

• Unwanted child
• unsupported single parent household
• no financial support
• unemployment
• substance abuse - domestic violence, sexual
  abuse.

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Violence Against Children

• Found in all societies
• secretive
• 1 in 5000 to 1 in 10000 under five die / year
• Physical violence - lack of parenting skills
• culture corporal punishment

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...Sexual Abuse

• Trusted individual / authority figure
• family member / often male
• people who suffered sexual abuse themselves -
  high risk!
• Normal reactions to harm are anger and pain
• forbidden to expressed / repressed - forgotten
• problems surface later - criminal behaviour /
  mass murder or to self - alcohol abuse

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Street Children.

• Both developed and undeveloped countries
• better to be harmed by a stranger then a family
  member
• trust for caregiver broken
• later in life when safer will remember and can
  heal

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Violence Against Men

• Violence of men on other men
• 48 000 assaults - 1995
• young men most likely involved 34 years
• only 6 of the time by a women
• A MALE ISSUE!!! For Society
• competitiveness, power and control are valued
  male attributes
• violence - expression of frustration and stress

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Violence Against Seniors

• Physical abuse
• neglect
• chronic verbal aggression
• material abuse
• 4 of Canadians (65yrs) experienced abuse
• mostly female - spouse or child
• feel vulnerable..

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Sexual Victimization

• Sexual assault - power imbalance in society
• 83 men assaulted women
• violence is implicit for sexual exploitation
• 84 of University students knew their attacker
• 57 of rapes were on a date
• Why some males sexually assault women.

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Prevention Assaults

• Home
• Streets
• Car
• Health and Violence
• Which of the dimensions of health are compromised?