Folie 1

1
(No Transcript)
2

• The socio-economic contribution of forests to
  livelihood and the impact of their use on the
  environment are essential components of modern
  concepts for sustainable forest management
• (MCPFE, 2003)

3
Definition for Non-Timber Forest Products

• The term Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)
  encompasses all biological materials other than
  timber, which are extracted from forests for
  human use.
• De Beer and McDermott (1989)

4
Definition for Non-Timber Forest Products

• Goods
• Things, articles, objects worth attaining
  movable properties merchandise wares services
  of valve. An economic good is defined as any
  physical object, natural or man-made, or service
  rendered, which could command a price in a
  market.
• Services
• Provision of assistance act of serving work
  done to meet some needs intangible,
  non-transferable economic goods, as distinct from
  physical commodities.
• Products
• Things/substances/articles produced by a process
  output of goods and services resulting from the
  input of resources or factors of production used
  to produce them.
• Chandrasekharan (1992)

5
Major services provided by forests

• Protection of water resources, soil and other
  ecosystem functions
• Protection of infrastructure and other managed
  natural resources
• Influence on the local climate and reduction of
  gas emission impacts.
• Conservation of the natural habitat and
  biological diversity.
• Recreational and other social functions of
  forests.
• Protecting the cultural and spiritual values.
• Gottle and Sène, 1997, MCPFE 2003

6
A Proliferation of New Terms

• non-wood goods and benefits
• non-wood goods and services
• other forest products
• secondary forest products
• special forest products
• wild crafted products
• biodiversity products
• natural products
• minor forest products
• non-timber forest products
• non-wood forest products
• forest products other than wood/timber and
  tree-crops
• Vantomme, 2003

7
Main categories of NWFP(FAO, FRA 2005)
8
Other Classification Systems for NWGS

• End use and plant use classifications
• Classification based on life forms and plant
  parts
• Classification according to management
  characteristics (supply and demand
  characterisitcs)

9
Problems in Assessing NWGS

• Seasonality some of the functions, variables or
  attributes can only be observed during specific
  seasons (e.g. fruits, partly protection)
• Area reference some of the functions relate to
  sample plots, others to specific small areas,
  some to large areas (e.g. wind protection will
  extend far beyond the forest itself)
• Assessment is only indirectly possible during the
  inventory, such as recreational use, which can be
  assessed from other indicators
• Attributes are qualitative (e.g. conservation)
• Suitability vs. actual use of the function (e.g.
  recreation a forest might be suitable for
  recreation, but the actual use depends on the
  proximity to settlements or accessibility)
• The assessment is very costly (e.g. measuring
  herbaceous vegetation or faunistic diversity)
• Pelz, 1995

10
Sources for Reporting on NWGS

• Biodiversity inventories (list of species)
• Cultural studies
• User, market or product surveys
• Resource inventories
• Lund (1995)

11
Assessment of NWGS
Wong, 2000
12
Assessment of NWGS
Volk and Schirmer, 2004
13
The MCPFEs Indicators on Non-Wood Goods and
Services

• Indicator 3.3 Non-wood goods
• Full text Value and quantity of marketed
  non-wood goods from forest and other wooded land
• Rationale
• Non-wood goods (NWGs) are e.g. game meat, pelts,
  fruits and berries, mushrooms and truffles, cork,
  medicinal plants, Christmas trees, honey or nuts.
  Non-wood goods have an important economic value
  with regard to SFM. However, it has to be
  considered that depending on national laws the
  income of e.g. berry picking might belongs to the
  berry picker and not necessarily to the forest
  owner. This indicator is mainly linked to
  indicator 3.2, 3.4 and 6.11.

14
The MCPFEs Indicators on Non-Wood Goods and
Services

• Indicator 3.3 Non-wood goods
• International data provider
• TBFRA Eurostat IEEAF on progress
• Measurement units
• Status kg
• Changes kg/yr.
• Status National currency/kg
• Changes National currency/kg/yr.
• Current periodicity of data availability 10
  years
• Reporting notes
• Separate figures to be reported on
• Value of marketed NWGs from forest land,
• Value of marketed NWGs from other wooded land,
• Quantity of marketed NWGs from forest land,
• Quantity of marketed NWGs from other wooded land
• The NWGs should be confined to the three most
  important goods (value) per country

15
The MCPFEs Indicators on Non-Wood Goods and
Services

• Indicator 3.4 Services
• Full text Value of marketed services on forest
  and other wooded land
• Rationale
• Marketed services include, for instance, hunting
  licences, fishing licences, managed outdoor
  recreation areas or trails for mountain biking,
  horse riding, skiing and other recreational
  activities. Also environmental services like
  private contracts for conservation should be
  indicated here. These marketed services of the
  forest contribute directly to increase the income
  of the forest owner. This indicator is mainly
  linked to indicator 3.2, 3.3 and 6.11.
• International data provider TBFRA

16
The MCPFEs Indicators on Non-Wood Goods and
Services

• Indicator 3.4 Services
• Measurement units
• Status National currency/ha
• Changes National currency/ha/yr.
• Current periodicity of data availability 10
  years
• Reporting notes
• Separate figures to be reported on
• Value of marketed services on forest land
• Value of marketed services on other wooded land
• The marketed services should be confined to the
  three most important services (value) per country
  

17
The MCPFEs Indicators on Non-Wood Goods and
Services

• Indicator 6.4 Expenditures for services
• Full text Total expenditures for long-term
  sustainable services from forests
• Rationale
• Forest owners, public and private, incur
  additional expenditures for producing a range of
  services that are demanded by the public free of
  costs. These are, for instance, expenditures to
  maintain protective forests against natural
  hazards, for preventing soil erosion or for
  protecting water quality as well as social
  services. These services are an important
  contribution to the quality of life and safety of
  humankind. It is essential to ensure that these
  services are maintained and that adequate public
  funding is provided to cover the necessary
  related expenditures. The total national
  expenditures for services from the forests should
  provide quantitative information on the efforts
  of countries to provide such forest services.

18
The MCPFEs Indicators on Non-Wood Goods and
Services

• Indicator 6.4 Expenditures for services
• International data provider
• -
• Measurement units
• for status and changes
• Current periodicity of data availability n.a.
• Reporting notes
• Currently information on data availability is
  weak and data collection mechanisms have not yet
  been established.
• This indicator needs to be further elaborated
  before implementation.

19
Problems

• Categories of non-wood goods and services are not
  specifically mentioned.
• Reference is made to a selected list of goods and
  services, namely game meat, pelts, fruits and
  berries, mushrooms and truffles, cork, medicinal
  plants, Christmas trees, honey or nuts and
  hunting licences, fishing licences, managed
  outdoor recreation areas or trails for mountain
  biking, horse riding, skiing, and other
  recreational activities as well as
  environmental services like private contracts
  for conservation.
• Rametsteiner (2005) recommended to use the FAO
  classification of NWGS
• Specifying the quantity of non-wood products will
  result in a mixture of units of measurements
  (e.g. weight, volume, length)
• even for the same product different measurement
  units can be applied (e.g. honey reported in
  kilogram or litre).

20
Problems

• The value of marketed non-wood goods and services
  (indicators 3.3 and 3.4) is to be given in terms
  of national currency.
• For indicator 6.4. reporting in is requested.
• For a consistent approach reporting should be
  done in national currency.
• Appropriate average exchange rates should be
  utilised for reporting years.
• The reference to national currency needs special
  attention when results are interpreted, as
  results may not be comparable due to differences
  in local incomes or gross national products.
  Deriving the importance of NWGS for national
  markets may not be easily derived from the
  figures specified in national currency unless the
  individual national figures are standardized,
  e.g. by presenting them in relation to GNPs.
• Changes reported in national currency may be
  influenced by inflation rates or drop-off in
  prices due to substitution processes

21
Problems

• The financial beneficiary of marketing a good or
  a service may not in all cases be the forest
  owner.
• Mentioning that it has to be considered that
  depending on national laws the income of e.g.
  berry picking might belongs to the berry picker
  and not necessarily to the forest owner and that
  marketed services of the forest contribute
  directly to increase the income of the forest
  owner does not provide a consistent guidance on
  how to handle income for non-forest owners.
• The background documents notice that for
  indicator 6.4 information on data availability
  is weak and data collection mechanisms have not
  yet been established. In addition this
  indicator needs to be further elaborated before
  implementation.

22
Draft Enquiry for NWGS
1. Marketed Non-Wood Goods
1a. Current Status of Non-Wood Goods -Plant
Products -Animals and Animal Products
Yes
Information available
No
1b. Average Annual Changes of Non-Wood
Goods -Plant Products -Animals and Animal Products
2. Marketed Services
Yes
Information available
2a. Current Status of Marketed Services
No
2b. Average Annual Changes of MarketedServices
3. Expenditures for Services
3a. Current Status of Expenditures for Services
Yes
Information available
No
3b. Average Annual Change of Expenditures for
Services
4. General Questions
23
Draft Enquiry for NWGS
24
Draft Enquiry for NWGS
25
Draft Enquiry for NWGS
26
Draft Enquiry for NWGS
27
Draft Enquiry for NWGS
28
Draft Enquiry for NWGS
29
Draft Enquiry for NWGS
30
Draft Enquiry for NWGS
31
Draft Enquiry for NWGS