Cypriniformes

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Cypriniformes

• Largest order of fishes
• ca. 3300 species in only 6 families
• greatest diversity in Southeast Asia
• gt300 in N.A.
• Characteristics
• jaw teeth weak or absent
• pharyngeal teeth strongly developed
• Cyprinidae 68 spp in Missouri
• Catostomidae 17 spp in Missouri

Smallest vertebrate 7.9mm adult Paedocypris
progenetica
Largest cypriniform approaches 2.5m
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Cyprinidae Catostomidae
Cyprinella spiloptera
Hypentelium nigricans
Notropis atherinoides
Carpiodes cyprinus
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Characiformes

• gt1700 species, most in Central and South America
• Characteristics
• jaw teeth well developed
• pharngeal teeth not differentiated
• adipose fin
• High diversity
• ecologically
• morphologically

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Siluriformes

• gt3000 species world-wide
• ca. 1800 species in South America
• Characteristics
• adipose fin
• 1-4 pairs of barbels
• no scales but some have bony armor
• Ictaluridae 16 spp in MO

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Ictaluridae
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Protacanthopterygii

• Argentiniformes
• marine smelts
• Osmeriformes
• freshwater smelts
• Salmoniformes
• trout and salmon
• Esociformes
• pikes
• Freshwater predators, diadromous, or deep-sea
• Osmeriformes 1 sp in MO
• Salmoniformes 2 spp in MO
• Esociformes 5 spp in MO

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Salmonidae Esocidae
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Esox niger
Osmeridae
Salmo trutta
Osmerus mordax
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Miscellaneous Orders
Still have to account for gt16,000 species
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Stomiiformes

• ca. 400 species, all deep-sea (gt 200 m deep)
• bristlemouths, dragonfishes, snaggletooths,
  viperfishes, etc
• Characteristics
• teeth enlarged and sharp or many sharp bristles
• adipose fin
• photophore rows on ventral
• Photophores on head often sexually dimorphic
• Nightly migrations to surface for feeding

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Myctophiformes

• ca. 250 species, all deep-sea
• lanternfishes
• Characteristics
• lack sharp teeth
• adipose fin
• photophore rows on ventral
• Photophores on head or caudal pedunctle often
  enlarged sexually dimorphic
• Nightly migrations to surface for feeding
• Important prey item in deep-sea food web

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Paracanthopterygii
ca. 1300 species, all but about 20 species marine
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Paracanthopterygii

• Percopsiformes
• pirate perches and cavefishes
• anus at throat in adults
• 5 sp in Missouri
• Batrachoidiformes
• toadfishes, all marine
• jugular fins
• many use swimbladder to produce sound

Aphredoderus sayanus
Porichthys notatus
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Paracanthopterygii

• Gadiformes
• cod, hake, pollack, etc
• second largest commercial fishery
• chin barbel, thoracic to jugular pelvics, long
  dorsal anal fins
• Lophiiformes
• anglerfishes
• first dorsal ray elongated
• illicium (fishing pole)
• esca (bait)

Lota lota
Albatrossia pectoralis
Lasiognathus amphirhamphus
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Acanthopterygii
still have ca. 15,000 species to account for