Ingen diastitel

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Cybergeografiens felt Repræsentation, kunst og
videnskab Troels Degn Johansson Afdeling for
By- Landsplanlægning, Forskningscenter for Skov
Landskab/ IT Højskolen i København/ tdj_at_fsl.dk
http//www.staff.hum.ku.dk/troelsd
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• Indhold
• 1. Om mig selv
• 2. Cybergeografiens felt Verden som medium
• 3. Cybergeografiske billeder
• 4. Cybergeografi og kunst
• 5. Cybergeografisk subjektivitet og æstetik?

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• 1. Om mig selv
• Geografisk orienteret medieforsker
• Semiotik, æstetik, geografi og medier
• Aktuelle projekter og ansættelser
• Samarbejde med Superflex

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Kontakt http//www.staff.hum.ku.dk/troelsd tdj_at_
fsl.dk URL IRL
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2. Cybergeografiens felt
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• Cybergeographys World Stage
• Cybergeography - the geography of cyberspace
• Cybergeography - a new field of study
• A new way of thinking (in) geography, a new
  epistemology? - a cyber-epistemology?

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Technologies of Cybergeography 1. Remote Sensing
qua Live Outdoor Web-Cams Sensoriums
Night and Day project and the Triana Missions
logo
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Technologies of Cybergeography 2. Geographical
Information Systems (GIS) Data-bases for the
recording, storing, analysis, and presentation of
geographical data.
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Technologies of Cybergeography 2. Geographical
Information Systems (GIS) HTs og Kraks
GIS-baserede søgesystemer.
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Technologies of Cybergeography 3. Geographical
Positioning Systems,WAP, etc. To find oneself as
being located in the same (cyber-geography) that
one may be modelling
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Technologies of Cybergeography 4. Smart city
technologies, etc. Cyberspace as forming part of
urban infrastructure in the management of e.g.
public transportation, sanitation, and the supply
of energy, water, food, etc. Cyberspace as the
mediation of places wired nature.
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Four Levels of Cybergeography 1. Space as the
abstraction of place in geography 2.
Computer-space, or CSpace 3.
Cyber-space 4. Cyber-place, wired
nature Reprinted from Batty (1997).
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Four Levels of Cybergeography - A Systemic
Approach to User and Virtuality Reprint
from Johansson (2000a)
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Space is Information/ Information is
Space Michael Benedikt is information in
space, or is space in information? . We should
get ready to explore the next step, which is to
explore the more radical idea that space and
information are one and the same thing
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• A Second Age of Geographical Exploration
• Michael Goodchild
• Re-discovering the world through GIS
• Re-discovery as the exploration of a known world
  perceived as/in a new field
• Cyber-geography as a new inventory of the
  adventure of knowledge (Michel Serres)

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• Inventories of knowledge
• 1. Classical Renaissance geography and the
  geography of colonization and world exploration
• 2. Geography and the 19th Century science
  laboratory
• 3. Cybergeography as a new inventory of the
  adventure of knowledge

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• Asia and Europe in American Cyber-geography?
• Florian Röetzer on cyber-space nothing but the
  alluring image of the American new frontier
  ideology
• Re-discovery as the exploration of a known world
  perceived as/in a new field
• Cyber-geography as a new inventory of the
  adventure of knowledge (Michel Serres)

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• The American Character of
• Cyber-geography?
• American geography To find oneself in the
  imperial space of colonization and scientific
  appropriation
• The Triana Mission and the Digital Earth
  initiative (DE) To find oneself again out
  there at the frontier as the explorers of yet a
  new world
• The Generalised America - a techno-imaginary
  on a social level (Röetzer)

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• Immanent and Pragmatic Utopias
• Graeme Gilloch In America, utopia is an
  immanent principle rather than a transcendental
  goal. Americans prove themselves to be pragmatic
  utopians
• Jean Baudrillard on Americans We live in
  negativity and contradiction they live in
  paradox (for a realized utopia is a paradox)

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• The immanent Utopia of Cyberspaces New
  Frontier
• Trianas utopia To be at the point of
  re-discovery in/of cybergeography.
• Cyberspaces New Frontier - neither a field of
  colonization nor something to be finally
  transgressed but rather the alluring image of the
  most radicall and superficial mind of the
  so-called Americans that we find today as the
  cyber spirit, the cyber episteme.

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3. Cybergeografiske billeder
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• Background Basic Questions
• Theory What is geographical representation for
  the lay-man user in web-served visualization in
  computer-mediated communications (CMC)?
• Application How do we strategically make use of
  media and design when applying visualization in
  planning communication and public participation
  in decision making?

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• Geographical media in Web-Served CMC
• Panoramic visualization, e.g. QuickTime VR
• Outdoor live web-cams
• 3D models, e.g. VRML
• Geographical 3D MUDs, e.g. ActiveWorlds
• Animations
• Streaming media
• CAD model viewers, e.g. the VoloViewer
• Still pictures

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• QuickTime VR Panorama
• The Berlin Cityscope live web-cam panorama at
  Potsdamer Platz.

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• Outdoor Live Web-Cam
• The Copenhagen-Malmö fixed link live web-cam,
  Denmark and Sweden.

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• VRML Models
• VRML presentation of urban space scenarios,
  Copenhagens Kongens Nytorv, Royal Academy of
  Fine Arts, School of Architecture.

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• Geographical 3D MUDs
• Art group Superflex geographical 3D MUD of
  Karlskrona, Sweden

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• CAD model viewers
• AutoCAD model of a new garden at the Department
  of Economics
• and Natural Resources, Royal DanishVeterinarian
  and Agricultural University.

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• Common Themes Specificity - I
• All media have a strong geographical theme
• All media are thematized by the technique of
  their production, i.e. either photographic or
  digital production (models, photo-manipulation)
• All media are thematized by the technique of
  their presentation hyper-mediation or model
  navigation
• All media are thematized by the technique of
  their distribution, i.e, as web-served media

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• Common Themes Specificity - II
• All media have a strong geographical theme in
  the pictorial presentation as such
• All media have additionally a geographical theme
  associated to the technique of their production
  (i.e., the obvious use of geo-data), their
  presentation (i.e. the use of models or
  hyper-maps), and/or their distribution (e.g. the
  access to a web-server with explicit geographical
  location, the access to live geo-data via a
  web-server, etc.)

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• The Concept of Grounding
• The concept of ground in C.S Peirces semiotic
  philosophy, i.e., the idea on which a sign
  relation is based
• Grounding visualization discovering the idea
  that founds visualization as a specific sign
  relation
• Cyber-geographic re-grounding of pictorality
  and cartographic space (Johansson 2000a, 2000b)

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• Grounding GIS and CAD?
• The grounding of visualization should capture
  the idea of representation in both GIS and CAD
• GIS represents positively a world of geography
  and corresponds to the world-view of geographers
• CAD may represent the idea of a geography, and
  corresponds in this sense rather to the
  world-view of artists

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• Semiotic Grounding
• To discover in semiotic terms the ideas of
  actual sign relations, i.e. the principles of how
  signification is organized in the world
• C.S. Peirce Three types of sign relations
  iconic in terms of similarity, indexical in terms
  of contiguity or factorality, and symbolic, in
  terms of convention
• Pictorial semiotics Exploring the signs of
  images

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• The Re-Grounding of Pictorality
• Pictorality images as a specific sign relation
  
• The re-grounding of pictorality in new media
  what is an image in the age of digitalization,
  hyper-mediation, etc. (Sonesson 1999, Johansson
  2000c)
• The apologetic re-grounding of the concept of
  iconicity in semiotics and its implication for
  our understanding of the idea of images (eg.
  Sonesson)

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• The Ground of Pictorality
• Pictorality The iconic mediation of a
  primordial life-world, i.e., the set of
  indexicalities that makes out the world of our
  perceptual experience
• Iconic sign relations are asymmetrical and
  hierarchical Images are thus secondary to the
  world
• The image mediates iconically a life-world and
  forms part of a life-world as index, i.e. as
  artefact or as a node in a hyper-mediated
  environment hence the two-dimensionality of
  pictorial representation

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• A Cybergeographic Image?
• An image whose status as both iconic
  representation and indexical object seems to
  double itself along with the techniques of
  production, presentation, and distribution (e.g.
  geo-referenced, hyper-mediated, and web-served
  images).
• The themes of production, presentation, and
  distribution are given as a synchronic system
• An image which assumes the status as node in the
  system of cyber-geography

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• Nodal Pictures on Distinct Levels
• Nodes, incl. nodal pictures may be surfed and
  thus be integrated in a sense of every-day space
  realized by the routine use of the lay-man.
• Following Michel de Certeau we think of space
  as the practice of place, i.e. as the surfing of
  nodes and nodal pictures in a cyber-geographic
  system

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• Cybergeographic Images
• Cyber-geographic images are at the same time
  nodes and representations they lend themselves
  to surfing as nodes on a number of distinct
  levels while constantly escaping the status as
  artifact. In this manner they make possible the
  unfolding of the indexical dimension of
  pictorality and weaken at the same time the
  theoretical importance of a singular life-world
  grounding of pictorality

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• 4. Cybergeografi og kunst

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• Staged by Art
• Art group Superflex relational art in cyberspace

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• Superflex project Karlskrona2 / Wolfsburg2

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• Superflex Karlskrona2
• Karlskrona2/ Wolfsburg 2
• 3D Multi-User Domain (MUD) based on a digital
  model of the city centre.
• Video screen links real and virtual city centre
• Privileges to local citizen users

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• Superflex project Karlskrona2 / Wolfsburg2

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• Superflex Karlskrona2
• Karlskrona2s ActiveWorlds interface featuring a
  3D display, a chat window, a navigation panel,
  and a web browser

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• Staged by Art
• Applying K2 as a planning studies scholar
• Staged as a common 3D MUD user
• Staged on the art scene to present my
  experiences with the applikation of relational
  art
• Staged as a scholar using K2 as a concept and a
  technology to promote a critical understanding of
  3D-visualisation in planning communication

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• Superflex project Superchannel

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• Superflex project Superchannel
• Web-casted streaming media (RealMedia)
• Local art spaces used as Superchannel studios
• Chat commentation from observing users

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• Concentric Communication
• on Superflex Art Stages

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• Concentric Communication
• on Superflex Art Stages

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• Relational Art
• Nicolas Bourriaud Relational aesthetics
• Art connecting people ...
• Supergas A portable biogas system for nomads
• Rirkrit Tiravanija Art as industrial production
• Art as business Money as a material in art

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• Relational Art and the Cyber Age Epistéme
• Nicolas Bourriaud the work of art can be
  approached as a form of reality, and no longer as
  the image of an image.
• Images in art as invitations rather than
  representations Invititations to continue the
  work performed in art, the art-work.

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• Superflex Work as an Invitation

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• Relational Art as Net-Working
• Nicolas Bourriaud to establish a network or
  relational universe current art is composed of
  these mental entities which move like ivy,
  growing roots as they make their way more and
  more complex.
• To understand network in the organic sense, to
  understand art as work.

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• 4. Cybergeografisk subjektivitet
• og æstetik?

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• The Concept of Visualization
• Cartographic representations in more than two
  dimensions, i.e. the negative of maps
• Visualization qua the production, presentation,
  and distribution of 3D geographical
  representations
• The use of maps (MacEachren 1994)
• The navigation and/or modeling in/of virtual
  3D-environments

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The User as Center and Subject in
Cyber-Geography Reprinted from Johansson
2000a.
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• The User as Center and Subject
• The user as a central, supreme agency the
  modeller-navigator in the field of
  cyber-geography
• The user as being subjected to, or forming part
  of the system (a case for second order
  cybernetics)
• The user understood either as an intuitive,
  generally reflexive, or scientific agency

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• Subjektivitet og Subjekt
• Sub-jektere, fra latin at under-kaste At være
  subjekt, i.e. at være underkastet
• Subjektivitet i filosofien det selv-nærværende
  subjekt, selvet
• Subjektets æstetik En moderne
  sanseligheds-æstetik hinsides oplevelsen af det
  (selv-) nærværende

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• Thank you! -)
• Further information
• http//www.staff.hum.ku.dk/troelsd
• http//www.superflex.dk
• http//www.karlskrona2.org
• http//www.cybergeography.org

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