Perception

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Perception
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Perception is looked at as a process connected
with actions. All sensory information is not
processed, rather it is done in a need-to-know
basis.
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The symbol grounded hypothesis suggests that
perception is linked with internal
representations Ex. You see a tree and you build
a model of the tree in your mind. The physically
grounded hypothesis suggests that perception is
strictly yoked to action rather than internal
representations Ex. You focus on the edges of
the road and the center line rather than the
color of the road or the type of tar of the road.
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• An agents perceptual processing is tuned to meet
  its motor activities's needs

An eagle has a good vision system, a rat has a
good smell processing system etc. These sensory
organization is related to the way they behave or
move around in the environment.
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Environment
To motors
Process moving objects, static objects, curves,
smooth surfaces etc., that are of interest to the
actions
Processor-n
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• Two basic types of perception
• Proprioception sensation from internal sensors
  like force on the muscles, extension and
  contraction of the muscles etc.
• Exteroception From those sensors exposed to the
  world (touch, vision, smell etc)

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Long-loop reflexes
Short-loop reflexes
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Transducers
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Brain communicates in electrical signals
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Incremental optical encoders
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Absolute encoders
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Photo Sensors

• Like a variable resistor except the resistor
  change is caused by a change in light level.

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Bumper switches

• Avoiding obstacle can be implemented.
• The switch is supplied with 5V supply when the
  switch gets ON this voltage is input to the
  microcontroller.

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Potentiometer
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Hall effect transducers
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Temperature Sensor

• Platinum temperature sensor
• High sensitivity
• High stability
• Leaner resistance variation

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Rt R0 (1 A t Bt2C(t-100) t3) A
3.9083 E-3B -5.775 E-7C (below 0 C) -4.183
E -12 (Above 0 C) zero
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Some of the Oxygen sensor types

• Version
• 1.1/WRE
• 27.08.2002 by Electrovac

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Schematic drawing of a sensor element,
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Null deflection methods
z1
z3
V
G
z4
z2
z1/z2 z3/z4
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Example Force sensor