The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain c'e' 1780

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The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain c.e.
1780
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Essential Questions

• What conditions exist which promote the
  industrial revolution in Great Britain?
• Why are the causes and consequences of rapid
  industrialization in Great Britain?
• What are the long-term global effects of
  Britains industrial prowess?

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Warm-up Activity

• ARE YOU A PRODUCT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?
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• What time did you get out of bed this morning?
• Who or what awakened you this morning?
• Did you eat a breakfast? Was an appliance used
  in any way to facilitate your breakfast?
  Explain.
• How far from school do you live? How did you get
  to school? When do you need to leave the house
  in order to be at Eastview on time?
• How is the school day at Eastview structured?
  Explain.
• What will you do at the end of the school day?
  Where will you gowhat will you dowhen will that
  activity end?
• What time do you plan to eat dinner this evening?
  With whom will you eat dinner? Where do you
  plan to eat dinner? Will an appliance be used in
  any way to facilitate your dinner? Explain.
• What will you do after dinner this evening? Will
  you use any electronic equipment after dinner?
  What time will you go to bed?

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Why Great Britain?

• Colonial market, expanding Atlantic trade, strong
  tariff-free home market creates new demands for
  manufactured goods
• Cheap food frees up expendable income for
  industrial goods
• Available capital, stable government, economic
  freedom, and mobile labor provides right mix in
  England
• Industrial Revolution begins in 1780s in Great
  Britain, after 1815 on the Continent.

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The First Factories

• Growing demand for textiles leads to the creation
  of the first large factories
• Putting out system cant keep up with demand

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The First Factories

• Hargreavess spinning jenny and Arkwrights water
  frame speed up spinning
• Cotton spinning gradually moved to factories
• Cotton goods cheaper and more available
• Wages of weavers rise quick, ag workers move to
  become weavers

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Working Conditions

• Working conditions in factories bad, become
  poorhouses
• Abandoned kids prime labor force
• apprenticed workers 13-14 hour days
• Exploitation leads to reform and humanitarian
  attitudes toward kids
• 1831, cotton industry has grown to 22 of
  nations industrial output

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The Problem of Energy

• Solution to energy problem was cause of
  industrialization
• Energy sources have always been plants, animals,
  and humans.
• Energy from land was limited
• Britains major source of fuel was wood, nearly
  gone
• Wood gave heat and charcoal which was used for
  iron production
• Needed new source of power coal

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Steam Engine Breakthrough

• Coal used for heat, but not for mechanical energy
  or to run machinery
• 1 day of coal production 27 days worth of energy
• Early steam engines (Savery and Newcomen) were
  inefficient
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• 1760s James Watt increased the efficiency of
  steam engines and began to produce them
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• Steam power was used in many industries and
  encouraged other breakthroughs
• Textile industry expansion
• Iron made coke available
• Corts puddling furnace increased production of
  pig iron

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The Coming of Railroads

• Stephensons Rocket first locomotive (Liverpool
  to Manchester)
• Railroad boom means lower transportation costs,
  larger markets and cheaper goods.
• RR workers were taken from the country and
  brought to the city
• RR changed the outlook and values of the society

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Industry and Population

• 1851 Great Exposition, held in Crystal Palace,
  reflected growth of the industry and population.
  Dubbed workshop of the world.

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Industry and Population

• GNP grew 400 and population boomed, but
  consumption grew only 75
• Malthus argued population would always exceed
  food supply
• Ricardo said wages would always be low
• Both proven wrong in the long run

Thomas Malthus
David Ricardo
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Questions for your review

• What raw good did the first English textile
  factories work with?
• What factors facilitated the Industrial
  Revolution in Britain?
• What are the consequences of the revolutionary
  changes in the textile industry?
• What were some of the challenges that workers
  faced moving from a rural to a factory
  environment?
• How efficient and fast were the first
  locomotives?
• How were the earliest steam engines used?
• What was THE major breakthrough in energy and
  power supply which catalyzed the Industrial
  Revolution?
• Where was the first important railroad line?
  (which cities?)
• Who built the railroads?
• What was the Crystal Palace?
• Who was David Ricardowhat is his significant
  contribution to our study?