European expansion

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European expansion

• Made possible by developments in shipping,
  navigation
• Motivated by
• Need to settle excess population
• Evangelical zeal
• Search for wealth

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Disease and the Americas

• Native Americans did not have immunity to
  diseases common in Europe, Africa Asia
• Up to 95 died after contact
• Human epidemic diseases originated withherd
  animals need both herds and dense population
• In Americas, there were dense populations but no
  herds

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Americas

• Europeans
• seized territory
• formed settlements
• exploited labor
• stole wealth

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Americas

• Europeans began with native and European
  laborers, then turned to African.
• Africans were
• resistant to European diseases
• resistant to tropical diseases

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Slave Trade

• Trade between Europe and Africa soon became
  focused on slave trade.
• Africans wanted European goods and all the
  Europeans wanted were slaves.
• Most slaves were captured in raids or were
  prisoners of war. Some were criminals or debtors.

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• Slaves were captured by Africans and sold by
  African middlemen to Europeans.
• During the slave trade, Europeans did not control
  African territories.

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Scramble for Africa

• Slave trade ended 1805, replaced by other trade
• Late 1880s, European countries suddenly wanted
  colonies in Africa
• To build national prestige
• To gain raw materials for factories

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• To gain markets for manufactured goods
• To gain mineral wealth and prevent other European
  countries from acquiring
• Europeans cooperated among themselves and divided
  Africa up

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• Able to colonize late 19th century because
• Better medicines
• Better guns

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Ideology of African Colonialism

• Bringing civilization to savages
• Benefiting natives
• Taught superiority of European way of life,
  backwardness of African

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Colonialism

• Colonies expected to be profitable to the
  colonizers
• Forced Africans to pay taxes (hut tax, head tax)
• Pressured to grow cash crops
• Took land for settlement
• Ruled created chiefs, new ethnic groups