Origins of a New Society to 1783

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Origins of a New Societyto 1783

• Unit 1

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Three Cultures CollideBefore and After the 1400s

• Chapter 1

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The Native American World

• Section 1

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Ancient Roots of Native Culture

• Historians theorize that the first Natives
  arrived in North and South America as early as
  28,000 years ago.
• Traveling from Siberia in Russia across a Land
  Bridge to Alaska, several waves of Asiatic people
  migrated south settling in both North and South
  America.
• Some scholars believe that when natives first
  encountered Europeans in the 1400s, their
  population totaled as much as ten million.

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Land Bridge
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Natives Adapted to Land and Climate

• As natives settled the different regions of
  America, they skillfully adapted to their
  environment to ensure survival.
• The North
• The inhospitable northern climates offered
  Natives a challenge, groups like the Ingalik
  encouraging them to hunt on ice and snow and
  remain nomadic.

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Igloo

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The Northwest Coast

• Fishing and gathering along the many waterways,
  these natives such as the Coo and Salish added
  salmon and seal to their diets

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Totem Pole
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California

• Living in mountain valleys the Chumash and
  Serrano spoke more than one hundred variations of
  basic languages and varied their diets from fish
  to beans and shrubs.
• The Plateau
• On the flatlands between the Cascade and Rocky
  Mountains, tribes like the Chinook and the Cayuse
  fished rivers and dug for edible roots. Their
  villages were built on the highlands overlooking
  the waters below.

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The Great Basin

• Between the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains
  lies this dry terrain were the Ute and Shoshoni
  gathered pine nuts and hunted rabbits and
  insects.
• The Southwest
• Basically a desert region, tribes like the Hopi
  and Zuni adapted to this terrain and relied on
  trade and developed special farming techniques.

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Religion

• According to Natives, the most powerful forces in
  the world were spiritual.
• Like Europeans and Africans, Natives believed
  that misfortunes such as military defeat,
  disease, or bad harvests happened to people who
  ignored rituals.
• Natives passed on these cultural norms through
  oral tradition.