The Triumph of Christianity

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The Triumph of Christianity
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The Roman church

• Church structure
• Church-state relations

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What the Church got from Rome

• Structure based around Roman cities
• Early church deacon/deaconess
• Presbyter (priest) parish
• By 100s, also Bishop diocese
• Each major Roman city had a bishop
• Qualifications 12 Timothy
• Which bishop should reign supreme?

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Jerusalem Destroyed

• Zealot revolt of AD 66
• In 70, Romans invade and burn Temple and city to
  the ground
• Site of temple now holds mosque

Arch of Emperor Titus commemorating revolt
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The Petrine Doctrine

• St. Peter is traditionally 1st bishop of Rome
• Matt. 1618 Thou art Peter I will give thee
  the keys to the kingdom of Heaven.
• Papa pope

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Church structure
Medieval Church Structure
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Constantine ( 312-337)
Son of Constantius, Augustus of the west Claimed
title of Augustus in 306 Defeated western emperor
in 312 eastern emperor in 324 Battle of the
Milvian Bridge
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Christianity in the Empire

• 312 Edict of Milan makes it legal
• Constantine depends on bishops like Eusebius of
  Caesaria
• Caesaropapism
• Theodosius I, 395, makes Christianity the
  official religion of the Empire
• Penance of Theodosius, 390

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The Council of Nicaea, 325

• What is the nature of God and Christ?
• Arius priest who believed that Jesus was
  subordinate to God
• Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, opposed him with
  doctrine of the Trinity
• Nicene Creed