Creating Parenthetical Citations

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Creating Parenthetical Citations
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What is a parenthetical citation?

• The APA system of citing sources which indicates
  the author's last name and the date, in
  parentheses, within the text of your paper.

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Actual text from an article to be cited.

• If only it were that easy. In truth, drafting
  legislation is an immensely complex task with
  which most members of Congress--I hope this won't
  shock you--feel uncomfortable. This is because
  it demands technical and legal skills that are
  extremely difficult to learn while juggling all
  the other demands that members face.

• If you're like most people, you probably imagine
  that when your representative has an idea for a
  new law, he or she sits down, writes it up--maybe
  using some legalese here or there--and sends it
  off for consideration.

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The Reference Documentation

• Hamilton, L. (2006, February ). The hard truth of
  writing laws Writing laws demands technical and
  legal skills that are extremely difficult to
  learn while juggling all the other demands
  lawmakers face. State Legislatures 32.2 ,  17.

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• A typical citation of an entire work consists of
  the author's name and the year of publication.
• Example Writing laws is not as easy as it
  appears to be (Hamilton, 2006).

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• If the author is named in the text, only the year
  is cited.
• Example Hamilton (2006) points out that writing
  laws is not an easy job.

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• If both the name of the author and the date are
  used in the text, parenthetical reference is not
  necessary.
• Example In 2006, Hamilton argued that writing
  effective legislation while balancing the other
  legislative duties is a complex task to learn.

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• Specific citations of pages or chapters follow
  the year. (Direct Quotes)
• According to Hamilton, writing legislation is an
  immensely complex task. . . which. . . demands
  technical and legal skills that are extremely
  difficult to learn (2006, p.17).

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• What your college professors didn't teach you
  The one thing that I believe we weren't taught
  was how to communicate both verbally and in
  writing in a technical manner. ... I still
  don't like standing in front of groups of people.
  I was never trained in it. And it wasn't until
  I was well into my career that I found I had to
  stand and communicate.

Morrissett, D. (2005, September 26). 100 Leading
women in the North American auto industry.
Automotive News 80.6168, 20. 
Reference documentation
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• What your college professors didn't teach you
  The one thing that I believe we weren't taught
  was how to communicate both verbally and in
  writing in a technical manner. ... I still
  don't like standing in front of groups of people.
  I was never trained in it. And it wasn't until
  I was well into my career that I found I had to
  stand and communicate.

Morrissett points out that colleges do not teach
people to communicate in a technical manner
(2005, 20).
Parenthetical Citation
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Actual text from an article to be cited.

• Because an effective technical document, manual,
  or help menu is often the result of successful
  collaboration between the technical writer and
  the engineer or the technical writing group and
  the engineering team,... these two groups must
  develop successful communication practices and
  maintain an effective working relationship.

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The Reference Documentation

• Tovey, J. (2005, May). Act well thy part
  Performing technical writer and engineer.
  Technical Communication 52.2, 246.

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Parenthetical Citation

• Collaboration between writers and engineers
  is important in writing effective technical
  documents (Tovey, 2005).

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Actual text from an article to be cited.

• Within the heart of almost every technical
  communicator beats the desire to practice our
  craft independently. We dream of writing that
  perfect technical communication equivalent of the
  great novel on timelines that we set and within
  budgets that are totally under our control. To
  try to realize the dream, we might take that road
  less traveled--independent technical
  communicator, also known as freelancer.

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The Reference Documentation

• Hanigan, M. (2005, August). 2005 writer's market.
  Technical Communication, 52.3,  385.

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Parenthetical Citation

• Hanigan (2005) says most technical
  communicators want to work independently.

Paraphrase
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Creating Parenthetical Citations