What were the Spanish trying to find when they sponsored Columbus

1
What were the Spanish trying to find when they
sponsored Columbus voyage west?

• A new route to Asia

2
Name two things that the Europeans brought with
them to the new world?

• Iron technology, Christianity, diseases, firearms

3
What was Spains primary interest in Mexico and
Peru?

• Gold and silver bullion

4
Who was at the top of the socio-economic order in
the new world?

• Peninsulares (pure European blood)

5
Where was the first English settlement in North
America?

• Jamestown (in the Chesapeake region)

6
What product eventually became the key export of
the Chesapeake?

• Tobacco

7
Who provided much of the labor in the early years
in the Chesapeake? How did they pay for their
passage?

• Indentured servants, 3-7 years of service to
  their master

8
Where did these West Indies sugar growers
eventually take the practice of African slavery?

• The Carolinas, and it eventually spread to
  Virginia

9
What are two key reasons slaves became a more
desirable form of labor than indentured servants?

• Lifetime term of service, property according to
  law (any treatment acceptable), slaves could bear
  more slaves

10
What was the middle passage?

• The journey on slave ships from Africa to the
  colonies

11
Why did the Puritans want to leave England?

• religious persecution

12
What was the basis for Puritan religion? Why was
this significant?

• Calvinism, they believed they were chosen and had
  a covenant with God and each other

13
What colonial region boasted the most religious
diversity? What were some of these groups?

• Middle Colonies, Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans,
  etc.

14
What religious movement of the early 1700s was
focused on getting an emotional response from its
audience?

• Great Awakening

15
What city was the finance, trade, and shipping
hub of the New England colonies?

• Boston

16
How did colonial governors view their role?

• Saw themselves as mini kings of their colonies

17
Where did the colonists feel they had legitimate
representation?

• Their colonial assemblies

18
What was the primary cause of the Seven Years
(French Indian) War?

• Claims over colonial territories in North America

19
In the eyes of the British throne, what was the
primary role of the colonies? How did they
ensure this?

• As a source of revenue, a series of trade
  regulations

20
Why did the British begin taxing the colonists in
1763?

• pay for debts incurred in the French Indian (7
  yrs.) War

21
What were the first taxes the British passed?
How did the colonists respond?

• Stamp and Sugar Acts, strongly resisted
  (boycotted, protested, etc.)

22
What was the significance of the Boston Massacre?

• First armed conflict of the revolution

23
What was the British response to the Boston Tea
Party?

• Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts

24
Identify two ways the colonists mobilized
politically after the Intolerable Acts.

• Committees of correspondence First Continental
  Congress

25
What was significant about the First Continental
Congress?

• All colonies acting together in common interest,
  claimed their own political authority

26
What was the dual task of the Second Continental
Congress?

• Trying to negotiate peace with Great Britain
  while simultaneously preparing for war

27
What famous pamphlet in 1776 called for Americans
to reject monarchy support independence? Who
was its author?

• Common Sense, Thomas Paine

28
Who was the primary author of the Declaration of
Independence? What does the document do?

• Thomas Jefferson, lays out ideology of the
  revolution and grievances against King George

29
Who was chosen to lead the Colonial Army? What
were some of the challenges he faced?

• George Washington, forming militias into an army,
  lack of funding resources

30
What was the key to early British strategy in the
early years of the war?

• Control the Hudson and cut off the revolutionary
  radicals in Massachusetts

31
What colonial victory helped bring increased aid
from the French?

• Defeating Burgoyne at Saratoga

32
After losing patience on their northern strategy,
where did the British turn?

• To the South in an effort to shut down Virginia

33
Where does the Colonial Army finally force the
British to surrender?

• Yorktown, with help from the French navy

34
Identify two key contributions women made to the
revolutionary cause.

• Economic (boycotts), took over household
  economies, supported revolutionary army

35
Which enlightenment thinker advocated a three
branch government?

• Montesquieu

36
Which enlightenment thinker was an advocate for
the protection of natural rights (life,
liberty, property)? Where did they believe these
rights came from?

• Locke, GOD

37
What document set up our nations first
government but ended up giving too much power to
the states?

• Articles of Confederation

38
Name two weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation.

• no power to tax, no power to coin money, no
  executive branch, weak central government

39
Why was the question of the western lands so
important? How was it finally resolved?

• States made claims on land all the way to
  Mississippi River, Jefferson and the NW Ordinance

40
What was required for full citizenship (and
voting rights) during the critical period
(1781-1787)?

• Property ownership

41
What uprising of impoverished Revolutionary war
vets clearly demonstrated the weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation?

• Shays Rebellion

42
What area of the nation abolished slavery after
the adoption of the constitution?

• New England states

43
Where did slavery continue to flourish? Why?

• Southern states, seen as integral to their cash
  crop economy

44
How many houses are their in our Congress? What
are their names?

• 2, the Senate and the House of Representatives

45
Is our government under the Constitution more
republican or democratic?

• Republican (indirect representation)

46
What were the two major compromises made during
the drafting of the United States Constitution?

• Great Compromise (large states House, small
  states Senate), 3/5 Compromise (5 slaves count
  for 3 men)

47
What part of the government did the Federalists
want strengthened in the new constitution?

• the national (Federal) government, get
  itFederalists

48
What group pushed hard for the inclusion of the
Bill of Rights?

• Anti-Federalists

49
What was Hamiltons (the Federalist) vision for
America?

• A country based on manufacturing and a strong
  central government

50
What was Jeffersons vision of America? What
large acquisition was designed to make this a
reality?

• Agricultural society, everybody owns land or a
  small business, strong states rights Louisiana
  Purchase

51
Who was sent to explore the Louisiana Territory?

• Lewis Clark

52
How did the rivalry between the French British
affect us in the early 1800s?

• War of 1812

53
What was the Monroe Doctrine?

• dont mess around in our hemisphere well stay
  out of yours (to Europe)

54
Where did Jacksons political support come from?
Which of his policies built this up?

• Common Man (new Democratic Party)expand
  opportunity for all white men National bank,
  Indian policies (Trail of Tears)

55
What party opposed Jacksons policies

• The Whigs

56
What is Manifest Destiny?

• The belief that the U.S. would someday control
  the land from coast to coast.

57
Who opposed the Mexican-American War? Why did
they oppose it?

• Whigs and Abolitionists, opposed extension of
  slavery in the Southwest

58
What issue was hotly debated in the new
territories as our country expanded westward?

• slavery

59
What were two of the main provisions of the
Missouri Compromise?

• MO is a slave state, ME is a free state, no
  slavery above 36-30 line

60
What were two of the main provisions of the
Compromise of 1850?

• CA free state, tougher fugitive slave law, UT
  NM slave territories

61
What was the name of the nativist party that
split from the Whigs in the 1850s? Who was the
target of their nativism?

• Know-Nothings, Irish and German immigrants

62
What groups joined to form the Republican Party
in the 1850s?

• Free labor free soil advocates, abolitionists
  (everyone who opposed expansion of slavery in new
  territories)

63
What were the key outcomes of the Kansas Nebraska
Act?

• Northern route for transcontinental RR, popular
  sovereignty on slavery in K-N

64
How did the Dred Scott Decision further inflame
the slavery debate?

• Ruling slaves never citizens, rights therefore
  cannot be violated (regardless of travel, etc.)

65
Why did John Brown take over the arsenal at
Harpers Ferry?

• attempt to arm slaves and lead a revolt

66
Name two advantages the South had at the start of
the Civil War.

• Better generals, defensive war, passion for their
  cause

67
Name 3 advantages the North had at the start of
the war.

• larger population, more industry, better
  transportation, more food production

68
What was the purpose of the Emancipation
Proclamation?

• Free the slaves in rebel states, provide moral
  cause for the war

69
What two battle in July of 1863 proved to be a
turning point in the Civil War?

• Gettysburg Vicksburg

70
Who marched through the South with the goal of
forcing them to surrender?

• Sherman

71
What did the 13th Amendment do?

• Made slavery illegal

72
Why did the Radical Republicans push for the 14th
Amendment?

• Southern States were passing Black Codes

73
What President did the Radical Republicans have a
major problem during Reconstruction? Why?

• Andrew Johnson, much to friendly to the South
  (unwilling to make big reforms)

74
Name 2 things that kept freedmen from gaining
true equality.

• sharecropping, KKK, black codes, racist attitudes

75
Name 2 ways Southern states kept freedmen from
voting.

• poll taxes, literacy tests, threats violence