Diapositiva 1

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UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE
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Climate neutral building
We believe that the first step toward a more
sustainable world is to accept ecological reality
and the socio-economic challenges it implies.
Mathis Wakernagel and William Rees, Our
Ecological Footprint
Eco-architecture
Sustainable building
High-performance building
Integrated design
Sustainable architecture
Bio-architecture
Energy efficient building
Ecological building
Sustainable design
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Definitions of green building

• Avoid resource depletion
• Prevent environmental degradation
• Livable, comfortable, safe

• Resource-efficient manner
• Protecting occupant health
• Resources more efficiently
• Reducing the overall impact to the environment

• Minimize the total environmental impact
• Economic health and well-being of your family

• Environmentally responsible
• Resource efficient throughout a buildings life
  cycle

• Embodiment of animating spirit

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Green buildings aspects

• Resource efficiency throughout life-cycle

• Reduction of environmental impact

• Protection of health

• Physical (and/or spiritual) comfort

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Opportunities climate change and energy
efficiency

• It is estimated that 57 of emissions are from
  burning fossil fuels in power, transport building
  and industry (Stern, 2007).

• EU, the residential sector represented 77 of all
  CO2 emissions from buildings in 2002.

• Largest cost-effective savings potential lies in
  the residential (households) and commercial
  buildings sector.

• 30-40 of all primary energy is used in buildings

expected to grow 70 between 200 and 2050
(Stern, 2007).

• There is a global potential to reduce
  approximately 29 of the projected baseline
  emissions by 2020 cost-effectively in the
  residential and commercial sectors, the highest
  among all sectors () (IPCC 2007, p. 389.)

• Another 8 should be added to reflect emissions
  due to direct combustion of fossil fuels

• Land use changes account for a very high
  proportion, almost 7 of global emissions.

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Energy efficient buildings positive
externalities
Externalities include increased energy security,
the creation of jobs and business opportunities,
heightened economic competitiveness and improved
industrial productivity in the short and medium
run as well as poverty alleviation and improved
social welfare, better indoor and outdoor air
quality, greater comfort , reduced mortality and
morbidity and enhanced health. IPCC, 2007, UNEP,
2007
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Opportunities Availability of technologies

• Daylighting
• Natural ventilation
• Insulation
• Trombe walls
• Breathable walls
• Phase change materials
• Advanced glazing
• Wind
• Biomass
• Photovoltaic (PV) panels
• Solar thermal hot water collectors
• Energy form waste ground source heat pumps
• Wave and tidal power
• Small scale hydroelectric
• Fuel cells

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Opportunities Availability and sustainability of
materials

• Energy that has gone into the making of a
  material

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Opportunities Environmental impact

• Entire life-cycle process, including resource
  extraction, manufacturing, construction, service
  and post-use disposal.

The Central Oasis at the Solar Living Center, by
architect Sym van Der Ryn
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Opportunities Costs

• Financial forecasts of building performance
  based on construction, operation and maintenance
  cost.

• In energy saving improvements are found cost
  effective.

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Constraints image/architecture
Korekeasaari lookout tower
National Assembly of Whales, Cardiff
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Constraints Awareness/knowledge/information

• Lack of awareness, correct information
• and knowledge in
• Policy-makers.
• Individuals/clients.
• Construction sector/investors.
• Architects and designers.

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Constraints Outdated systems

• Financial mechanisms.

• Inadequate legal and institutional framework.
  Outdated building codes.

• Low levels of research activity.

Status of Building Standards Around the World
(2000) Source Busch, 2000.
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Constraints Market response and the building
sector

• Market is dominated by high demand rather than by
  sufficient supply

• Fragmented both horizontally, between different
  groups of players

• Disconnect between building investors and
  building users

• Building sector is risk averse

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Way forward what is feasible

• Put green buildings high on the political agenda
• Discuss green buildings in international fora
• Link the issue to the climate change talks and
  other SD agendas
• Develop binding tools as well as soft laws
• Use the media
• Work on green buildings image and perception
• Increase awareness of benefits Stimulate the
  demand with appropriate campaigns
• Improve design and practice within architectural
  schools
• Work on new generations
• Update systems
• Crete incentives
• Adopt new legislation/codes

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