Airspace

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Airspace

• Going From Point A to Point G

Written for the Notre Dame Pilot Initiative By
the Pilots of the University of Notre Dame
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Roadmap

• Controlled Airspace
• Uncontrolled Airspace
• Special Use Airspace
• Other Airspace

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Types of Airspace

• Controlled
• Class A Altitude
• Class B Big / Boeing
• Class C Crowded
• Class D Dialogue
• Class E Everything Else
• Uncontrolled
• Class G Go for it

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Types of Airspace (cont.)

• Special Use
• Restricted Airspace
• Prohibited Airspace
• Military Operations Area (MOA)
• Warning Area
• Alert Area
• Controlled Firing Area

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Types of Airspace (cont.)

• Other Airspace
• Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)

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Class A (Alpha)

• Generally, the airspace from 18,000 MSL up to
  FL600

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Class A Regulations

• IFR Only
• IFR Clearance/Equipment
• No visibility or cloud clearance requirements

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Class B (Bravo)

• Generally, the airspace from the surface to
  10,000 MSL surrounding the nations busiest
  airports
• Individually tailored
• Multi-Layered
• Looks like upside down wedding cake

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Class B Regulations

• ATC Clearance Required
• Mode C Transponder within 30NM veil
• Radio
• 250-knot speed limit within Class B
• 200-knot under Class B or in corridor
• Private Pilot, or Endorsed Student Certificate
• 3SM visibility
• No cloud clearance requirement
• Some Class B airports prohibits student pilots

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Class C (Charlie)

• Generally, the airspace from the surface to 4,000
  AGL above an airport
• One Layer
• Individually Tailored
• 5NM core
• 10NM shelf area from 1,200 AGL to 4,000 AGL

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Class C Regulations

• IFR Clearance Required
• VFR Radio Contact
• Mode C inside or above (up to 10,000 MSL)
• 200-knot speed limit below 2,500 AGL within 4NM
  of airport
• Student Certificate
• 3SM visibility
• Cloud Clearance
• 500 Below / 1,000 Above / 2,000 Horizontal
• Guarantees IFR, Special VFR, and Runway
  separation
• VFR time permitting
• Traffic Advisories

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Class D (Delta)

• Generally, the airspace from the surface up to
  2,500 AGL
• Individually tailored
• Cylinder
• Based upon the instrument procedures in place

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Class D Regulations

• IFR Clearance Required
• VFR Radio Contact
• 200-knot speed limit below 2,500 AGL within 4NM
  of airport
• Student Certificate
• 3SM visibility
• Cloud Clearance
• 500 Below / 1,000 Above / 2,000 Horizontal
• Guarantees IFR, Special VFR, and Runway
  separation
• Traffic Advisories workload permitting

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Class E

• Generally, all controlled airspace that is not
  Class A, B, C or D
• Class E below 14,500 MSL is charted
• Surface Area
• Extension to existing surface area
• Transition
• Beginning at 700 or 1,200 AGL
• Federal Airways
• Extend upward from 1,200 AGL to 17,999 MSL
• Almost all Class E airspace East of the Rockies
  begins at 1,200 AGL

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Class E Regulations

• IFR Clearance/Comm Required
• Student Certificate
• Guarantees IFR and Special VFR separation
• Traffic Advisories workload permitting

• Below 10,000 MSL
• 3SM visibility
• Cloud Clearance
• 500 below
• 1,000 above
• 2,000 horizontal

• 10,000 MSL and above
• 5SM visibility
• Cloud Clearance
• 1,000 below
• 1,000 above
• 1SM horizontal

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Class G (Golf)

• Airspace that has not been classified as Class A,
  B, C, D or E

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Class G Regulations

• Student Certificate
• Traffic Advisories workload permitting

Day Day Day Night Night Night
Below 1,200 AGL Below 10,000 MSL Above 10,000 MSL Below 1,200 AGL Below 10,000 MSL Above 10,000 MSL
1SM 1SM 5SM 3SM 3SM 5SM
Clear of Clouds 500 Below 1,000 Above 2,000 Horiz 1,000 Below 1,000 Above 1SM Horiz 500 Below 1,000 Above 2,000 Horiz 500 Below 1,000 Above 2,000 Horiz 1,000 Below 1,000 Above 1SM Horiz
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(No Transcript)
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Restricted Area

• Aircraft subject to restrictions
• Unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft
  such as artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or
  guided missiles
• Authorization from controlling agency
• If IFR, ATC will coordinate
• IF VFR, pilots responsibility

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Prohibited Airspace

• Aircraft are prohibited
• Established for national security or other
  reasons associated with national welfare

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Military Operations Area (MOA)

• Purpose is to separate IFR traffic from military
  training activity
• If IFR, ATC will coordinate
• If VFR, no authorization is necessary proceed
  with caution
• Activities include (but not limited to) air
  combat tactics, air intercepts, aerobatics,
  formation training, and low-altitude tactics

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Warning Area

• Airspace of defined dimensions, extending from
  3NM outward from the coast of the U.S.
• Purpose is to warn nonparticipating pilots of
  potential danger

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Alert Area

• Depicted on aeronautical charts to inform
  nonparticipating pilots of areas that may contain
  a high volume of pilot training or an unusual
  type of aerial activity
• No authorization required proceed with caution
• Both participating and nonparticipating pilots
  are equally responsible

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Controlled Firing Area

• Uncharted areas containing activities that, if
  not conducted in a controlled environment, could
  be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft
• All activities suspended when an aircraft is
  spotted that might be approaching

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Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)

• Purpose
• Protect persons and property in the air or on the
  surface
• National Disasters
• Protect President, VP, other important figures
• Issued by NOTAM (Notice to Airmen)