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Taxon cycle

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Title: Taxon cycle


1
???????
  • ??????(????)
  • ???????(????????????)
  • ??????(??????????)
  • Taxon cycle
  • ????????????????
  • r,K??????(bet-hedging)??
  • ????????????

2
??????(????)
  • ???fitness ?????????(????????????????)
  • F(x) (K/x) f(x)
  • ?????? x??
  • F(x)K(f -f/x)/x0
  • ??xf(x)/f(x)
  • ?????????

3
???????Parker???????
  • F(x,y)(K/x) f(xy), G(y,x)(K/y) g(xy),
  • Nash?(1950) ? F/? x ? G/? y0
  • ???xy?
  • K(f(2x)-f(2x)/x)0
  • ???????
  • (?????)

4
????????????evolutionary- convergence stability
  • dx/dtg?logF(x,y)/?xxx g??????
  • dy/dt g?logG(y,x)/?yxx
  • ????F/?x?G/?y0(Nash????)
  • ???????2F/?x2lt0, ?2G/?y2lt0
  • ????? ?2logF/?x2?2logG/?y2lt0
  • (?2F/?x2 )(?2G/?y2)-(?2F/?x?y)(?2G/?x?y)

5
??????????
  • ??????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????(???????)??????

6
???????????
  • ?2F/?x2 lt0 ? flt0
  • (?2F/?x2 )(?2G/?y2)-(?2F/?x?y)(?2G/?x?y)gt0 ?
    f2fx2gt0
  • ???????????????
  • ?????????????????x????????????????

7
?????2?????
  • Lande???
  • ?????
  • ????
  • ?????
  • ?????
  • ????
  • ??????

8
Slatkin-Lande ? Roughgarden
W(x)
W(x,x)
X
X
W(x)
W(x,x Dx)
XDx
XDx
9
Nash?(??????)
  • dFi/dni-f(Ni-ni) f 0??
  • (Ni-ni)f / f ????????????????(?????)
  • ???f(n)n0.5??????????21(??????)??41(2????)????

10
????(?)??g????
  • ????????????????????????
  • ???????????
  • g???????????
  • ?????g??????????????(???????)
  • ?????????????????????!

11
3???????
  • ???
  • ?????
  • ??????

12
??????3????n(x,t) ??t???x???
  • ?????????
  • ???????
  • ???????

13
??? ??sexy-son??
  • ????Pleiotropy ???????

x???????y??????? Gx?Bxy?????????? Wx
Wy???????(???????) u??????? Better
gene???????handicap?
14
  • logWxa(x-x)y-cx2, logWy-ey2
  • a???????c?????????
  • e?????????
  • eu0,aBgt2cGx???????
  • u0,egt0??(0,0)????
  • ugt0??????????

15
??phase plane
  • dx/dtGx(ay-2cx)-2Bey/2-u
  • dy/dt B(ay-2cx)/2 eGyy ?????

16
?handicap????(1998??17.5)
  • ??x?????y??????z????
  • ??????vgt0???ByzgtBxyBxz/Gx???
  • ????handicap ??s?x?z???????????(??????????)
  • ???handicap x????z???????????s????????????????

17
????????????
  • ????mixed strategy
  • ??????????????????????(????)
  • ?????genetic polymorphism
  • ????????????????
  • ??????conditional strategy
  • ???????????????????
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