Prolog?? PowerPoint???????????????????????????.

1
Prolog??PowerPoint???????????????????????????.

• 2002??????????????????(???????A)??????????????????
  ???.
• ???? (t-nakada_at_jaist.ac.jp)

2
??? (?????) (1)

• ????????????.
• ???,a, a0, coffee?????????(????)????.
• ???,X,_a,_??????????,???,_(??)????.
• ???,???????.?????????????????????.??????????.
• ????????
• ????????
• ????????

3
??? (?????) (2)

• ????????,??????.
• grandchild(X,Z)- parent(Z,Y), parent(Y,X).
• ancestor(X,Y)- parent(X,Y).
• (ancestor(Y,X)- parent(Y,X).?,????)
• ???,??????.????????????????????.????,????????.
• ????????,??????????.

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grandchild ?? (???)
grandchild(X,??).
parent(??,???). parent(??,???). parent(??
,???). parent(?,???). parent(?,???). pa
rent(?,???). parent(???,???). parent(???
,???). grandchild(GC,GF)- parent(GF,FA),paren
t(FA,GC).
GCX, GF??
X???
parent(??,FA),parent(FA,X).
FA???
FA???
X???
FA???
parent(??,???).
parent(???,X).
?- grandchild(X,??). X ???
X???
X???
parent(???,???).
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grandchild ?? (???)
grandchild(X,???).
parent(??,???). parent(??,???). parent(??
,???). parent(?,???). parent(?,???). pa
rent(?,???). parent(???,???). parent(???
,???). grandchild(GC,GF)- parent(GF,FA),paren
t(FA,GC).
GCX, GF???
???????
??
parent(???,FA),parent(FA,X).
FA???
FA???
FA???
??
???????
parent(???,???).
parent(???,X).
?- grandchild(X,???). no
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Prolog???????????2???? (1)

• ??????
• ???,???????????????,??/?????????.
• ??/????,???????????????.
• ??/????,??????????????????????????????.
• grandchild(GC,GF) - parent(GF,FA),parent(FA,GC)

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Prolog???????????2???? (2)

• ???????
• ???????,????????????????.
• ???,??,???????????,???????????????.
• ????,????????Prolog??????????????????,????????????
  .????,?????????????.

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ancestor??
ancestor(X,???).
parent(??,???). parent(??,???). parent(??
,???). parent(?,???). parent(?,???). pa
rent(?,???). parent(???,???). parent(???
,???). ancestor(X,Z)-parent(X,Z). ancestor(X,Z
)-parent(X,Y), ancestor(Y,Z).
parent(X,???). XX,Z???
parent(???,???). X???
parent(???,???). X???
parent(X,Y),ancestor(Y,???). XX,Z???
parent(??,???),ancestor(???,???).
X??,Y???
?- ancestor(X,???). X ??? ? X ??? ?
X ?? ?
parent(??,???), parent(???,???).
X???,Z???
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????????

• fact(??)?rule??????.
• ----- fact --------------------------------------
  --------------
• parent(??,???). ???????????
• parent(?,???). ??????????
• ----- rule --------------------------------------
  --------------
• X?Z?????,X?Z??????.
• ancestor(X,Z)- parent(X,Z).
• X?Y???,??,Y?Z??????,X?Z??????.
• ancestor(X,Z)- parent(X,Y), ancestor(Y,Z).

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???

• 1,a,b,coffee,X ??????,?????????????.
• ???????????????????.
• 1,a,10,c
• ??,???????????.
• ?????????????????(??)???(?????????).
• XY 1,2,3 (X1, Y2,3)
• XY 1 (X1, Y).
• XY no

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member?? (???)
member(X,X_). member(X,_Y)- member(X,Y).
member(a, x,y,a).
?- member(a, x,y,a). yes
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member?? (???)
member(X,X_). member(X,_Y)- member(X,Y).
member(a, x,y).
?- member(a, x,y). no
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?????????

• XY,Y1.
• X1,Y1.
• parent(X)parent(taro).
• Xtaro.
• parent(X)grandchild(taro).
• no
• XY a,b,c,d.
• Xa, Yb,c,d.
• X1.
• X1.
• X 1.
• X1.

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???????

• ???????????????????,????????.
• Prolog?????,?????????????????,?????????,??????????
  ?????.
• ?????????????,Prolog?????,?????????????????.
• 1??????????,??????????? (?????)?????,???????????
  ???????????.

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???,????

• grandchild(GC,GF) - parent(GF,FA) ,
  parent(FA,GC).
• GF????FA???,??,FA????GC???,GC?GF?????. (???)
• parent(PA,C) - father(PA,C) mother(PA,C).
• PA?C???,???,PA?C??????,PA?C?????.
• parent(PA,C)-father(PA,C).
  parent(PA,C)-mother(PA,C). ???
• man(X) -gt father(X,Y) mother(X,Y).
• man(X)??????,father(X,Y)?????.?????,mother(X,Y)???
  ??.

16
????

• ?????????????????????????.
• member(X,_Y)- member(X,Y).
• ??????????????????,??,????(?????)?,n???n1????????
  ?????????.
• ???? member(X,X_).
• n,n1????? member(X,_Y)-
  member(X,Y).

17
??

• Prolog????,?????????,???????????.
• parent(??,???). (?????)
• ???,?????????,?????
• \ parent(??,???). (Prolog???)
• ???,????????,????????

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unmarried_man??
unmarried_man(X)- \ married(X),
man(X). man(bill). married(joe).
unmarried_man(bill).
?- unmarried_man(bill). yes ?-
unmarried_man(taro). no
unmarried_man(taro).
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???

• ??????????
• married(X,Y)- married(Y,X).
• ???????,
• Control????????C?????.
• Prolog interruption???????,a??????,?????????.

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???? (????????????)

• X 23.
• X23.
• X is 23.
• X5.
• X 23, Y is X.
• X23, Y5.
• X 23, Y X.
• X23, Y23.

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?????????? (1)
child(taro). adult(jiro). members(jiro). fee(X,100
0)- child(X),members(X). fee(X,2000)-
adult(X),members(X).
fee(taro,X).
?- fee(taro,X). no
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?????????? (2)
fee(taro,X).
child(taro). adult(jiro). members(jiro). fee(X,100
0)- child(X),!,members(X). fee(X,2000)-
adult(X),!,members(X).
fee(bill,X).
?- fee(taro,X). no ?- fee(bill,X). no
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?????????? (3)

• C - a,b. C - d,e.
• a,b?????????,d,e?????.
• C - !,a,b. C - d,e.
• a,b?????????,d,e??????????.
• C - a,!,b. C - d,e.
• a?????????,d,e??????,b?????????,d,e??????.
• C - a,b,!. C - d,e.
• a,b?????????,d,e?????.?????a,b??????,d,e??????????
  ?.

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