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Selecting Swine

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Title: Selecting Swine Author: Adam Nash Last modified by: Jeremy D. Milarch Created Date: 11/13/2002 5:22:26 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Selecting Swine


1
Selecting Swine
3121 Adam Nash
2
The Incredible Pig
  • Did you know?
  • Fat from the pig was used to make nitroglycerine
    for War explosives
  • After war, consumers were diet conscience and
    quit eating pig

3
See the difference?
  • Selection has changed over timeIn the past,
    short fat lard types.
  • Now an extremely thick-muscled, long bodied,
    stress prone type
  • Why? 

http//www.boarsemen.com/boarpen/ppigs.htm
4
Selection of breeding animals Overview
  • Look for an animal who is
  • Structurally sound,
  • Healthy,
  • Big volume,
  • Thick muscled and
  • Efficient
  • Be able to explain in your words. 

5
Selection based on
  • I. Visual appraisal
  • II. Production testing
  • III. Pedigree evaluation 

6
Visual Appraisal
  • 1. Look at confirmation
  • 2. Structural soundness of feet and legs- NPPC
    scoring system
  • 3. Size and scale- weigh 200 at 6months,
  • 4. Health and vigor

7
Visual Appraisal
  • NPPC scoring system
  • Unsound- Obvious restriction of movement
  • Intermediate- Structural condition is not serious
    enough to create risk in movement
  • Sound- free of major or minor structural weakness

8
II. Swine Performance data
  • Based on
  • Sow productivity,
  • growth rate,
  • feed efficiency and
  • carcass merit

9
Heriability
  • rate that a trait/characteristic will be passed
    on to offspring
  • Low heritability means it is unlikely that trait
    will be passed on
  • High Heritability means that trait is easily
    passed on to each generation
  • Why do we care?

10
Heritability 
  • Fertility
  • weaned
  • Wt. At weaning
  • Rate of gain
  • Efficiency of gain
  • Fat over loin
  • Loin-eye area
  • of lean cuts
  • 0-15
  • 10-15
  • 15-20
  • 25-30
  • 30-35
  • 45-50
  • 45-50
  • 30-40

11
A sow is productive if?
  • Prolific- min 8/9 offspring
  • 2.5 to 4 lb birth wt.
  • 21 day litter wt milking ability
  • Sow index- how good she is compared to her peers 

12
Lets do the math
Sow index 1006.5(L-l)1.0(W-w)
  • L piglets born alive
  • l avg. piglets born alive for comparable group
  • W 21 day weight for individual
  • w 21 day weight for comparable group

13
Lets do the mathSow index 1006.5(L-l)1.0(W-w)
  • Betsy had 9 piglets
  • Her comparable groups had
  • an avg. of 7
  • Betsys piglets avg. 105 lbs.
  • Her comparable group avg. 110 lbs.
  • What do we know?

14
Performance data Sow index 
  • Index can be used for a number of traits
  • You just have to find out the coefficient

15
B. Growth weight
  • Number of days required to reach a specific
    weight
  • Usually 230 pounds

16
C. Feed efficiency
  • Amount of weight gained per amount of food eaten

17
More math
  • Pig is fed 6 pounds of food per day.Pig is
    gaining 2 pounds per day.What is this pigs feed
    conversion?
  • Takes 3 pounds of feed to gain 1 pound31

18
Try this
  • Pig needs to weigh 245 in 2 weeksToday he weighs
    200 poundsHe currently gets 6 lbs of food a
    dayHis feed conversion is 21How much does he
    gain a day?Will he make weight?

19
 Math Problem
  • Gain 3 pounds a dayIn 14 days he will weigh
    242What to do?

20
d. Carcass merit
  • What are the types of Hogs?Primary Lean Cuts
    hams, loins, picnics, Boston ButtsMeat Type Hog
    more than half the weight of a Number 1 animal is
    Primary Lean Cuts(PLC)
  • Bacon Type Hog less than 1/2 is PLC      large
    litter size      little value in U.S. except to
    increase litter size

21
d. Carcass merit
  • USDA grades 1,2,3,4, UtilityBased on yield of
    lean cuts Backfat over last rib Muscling1 is
    good and Utility is undesirable

22
What it comes down to
  • Hog Selection
  • U Feed Conversion Rate pounds of feed needed to
    make a pound of hog
  • no more than 4 lbs of feed per 1 lb of hog
  • U Minimum Litter Size 9
  • U First Litter should have a combined pig wt at
    21 days of 95 lbs or more
  •       110 lbs for a mature sow
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