GENERAL REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM

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GENERAL REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM

• BUSN 364
• Özge Can

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Final Exam

• Exam Date Place
• June 5, 2013 Wednesday, 1100 -1230
• Classroom O 001-O 002
• Exam Format
• Open-ended questions (50)
• Short essay question based on one research case
  (50)

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Final Exam Content

• Major topics for the exam
• Conducting ethical research (week 9)
• Measurement and Sampling (week 11)
• Survey research (week 12)
• Experimental research (week 12)
• Esixting statistics/ Secondary research (week 13)
• Quantitative data analysis (week 13)

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Final Exam Content1QAa1szx

• Field Research Observation Interview (week 14)
• Focus groups (week 14)
• Analysis of qualitative data (week 14)
• Writing the research report (week 15)
• Course Textbook Neuman (2011)
• Chapters 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

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Exercise 1

• Sherman, G. D., Haidt, J., Coan, J. A. (2009).
  Viewing cute images increases behavioral
  carefulness. Emotion, 9, 282-286.
• This article examined how the perception of
  cuteness influences behavioral carefulness,
  enhancing peoples ability to care for infants.
  While researchers took physiological measures of
  heart activity and skin conductance, they exposed
  participants to a slide show of pictures of
  either i) infant animals (kittens and puppies)
  previously judged as very cute, or ii) adult
  animals (cats and dogs) judged to be less cute.

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Exercise 1 (cont)

• Both before and after the slideshow, participants
  played the game Operation that required them to
  use tweezers to remove plastic body parts without
  touching the sides of the compartments. The game
  served as an assessment of behavioral
  carefulness. Participants exposed to cute infant
  animals displayed greater improvements in
  fine-motor control from before to after the slide
  show. Lack of consistent changes in
  physiological measures ruled out general
  physiological arousal as an explanation. Results
  indicated that cuteness not only motivates people
  to nurture, but also enhances their ability to do
  so.

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Exercise 1 (cont)

• 1. What are the Independent Variable Dependent
  Variable and their operational (measurable)
  definitions here?
• 2. What are the potential confounding variables?
• 3. What are the key strengths and weaknesses of
  the above study design?
• 4. How strong is the external validity of this
  research design?
• 5. One element in this design was a pretest and
  posttest measure. What are the advantages of
  using this type of design? Was it necessary?
• 6. Can you find other ways to manipulate
  cuteness and measure carefulness in this
  experiment?

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Exercise 1 - Answers

• 1. Independent variable gt perception of
  cuteness
• (measured by slide show of infant animal
  pictures)
• Dependent variable gt behavioral
  carefulness
• (measured by the game Operation)

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Exercise 1 - Answers

• 2. Confounding variables (definiton) Factors
  that are not part of the intended hypothesis but
  have effects on variables of interest
• Possible confounds in this study
• Personal factors personality, prior experience
  with infant animals, general skill and ability
  level, general physiological arousal (controlled
  in the study) and etc.
• Other the pictures selected (is there a shared
  understanding on what is cute?), knowing that
  you are in an experiment (anxiety, excess
  motivation and etc)

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Exercise 1 - Answers

• 3. We should evaluate it based on how much it
  fits to a classic experimental design
• There is an experiment and a control group
  (strength)
• There is pre-test and post-test of the DV
  (strength)
• Controls for a potential confounding variable
  (strength)
• No random sampling to two groups (weakness)
• How good are the measurements and the
  manipulation. They
• may somewhat artificial and not represent the
  real world
• (weakness)

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Exercise 1 - Answers

• 4. To increase external validity
• We should have random sampling and random
  assignment. Do we have these in the research?
• Manipulation of cuteness effective enough? Can
  we measure it in a better way?
• Can the performance in the game Operation
  really explain nurturing behavior in life?

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Exercise 1 - Answers

• 5. Pre-test and post-test gt measuring
  dependent variable both before the treatment
  (manipulation) and after the treatment
• In this study, participants play the game
  Operation both before and after watching the
  slide show
• Pre-test and post-test design better grasps the
  real impact of the IV (manipulation) by enabling
  us to compare the situation before and after and
  see whether there is any difference.

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Exercise 1 - Answers

• 6. Alternative measures
• For cuteness gt the smell of baby powder versus
  deodorant watching babies smiling and sleeping
  innocently versus older children playing
  aggressively and fighting showing a video of
  little children with bunny customes vs. witch
  costumes
• For carefulness gt walking a balance beam,
  carrying an egg on a spoon, playing a videogame,
  simulation of driving a car in the traffic,
  carrying a tray with one hand, taking a test,
  solving a puzzle

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Exercise 2

• Please indicate whether the following measures
  are
• nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio scales
•  
• a) Prices on the stock market
• b) Marital status, classified as married and
  single
• c) Academic rank instructor, assistant
  professor,
• associate professor, or professor
• d) Letter grades at school A, B, C, and D

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Levels of Measurement
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Exercise 2- Answers

• a) Prices on the stock market gt ratio
• b) Marital status, classified as married and
  single gt nominal
• c) Academic rank instructor, assistant
  professor,
• associate professor, or professor gt ordinal
• d) Letter grades at school A, B, C, and D gt
  interval

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Exercise 3

• Please identify and briefly comment on which type
  of sampling is more appropriate for each case
• a) Economists try to come up with a consumer
  price index which involves a sample of market
  items which they think serves the economic
  purpose best
• b) Selection of people for jury duty without
  giving anyone
• any priority

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Exercise 3 (cont)

• c) We want to know about the general technology
  preferences of the subscribers of an engineering
  journal. Subscribers are composed of mechanical
  engineers, electrical engineers and civil
  engineers.
• d) Special interest on the lifes and problems of
  heavy
• drinking (alcoholic) people

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Exercise 3 Answers

• a) Non-random sampling (e.g. theoretical or
  judgmental sampling)
• b) Random sampling (e.g. simple random sampling)
• c) Random sampling (e.g. stratified sampling)
• d) Non-random sampling (e.g. snowball sampling)

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Exercise 4

• Please identify what is wrong with each of the
  following survey questions and make suggestions
  on how they can be improved
• Do you ever feel alienated from your work?
• All the time
• Often
• Occasionally
• Never

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Exercise 4 (cont)

• What is your annual salary?
• Below 5,000 TL
• 5,000 10,000 TL
• 10,000 15,000 TL
• 15,000 20,000 TL
• 20,000 25,000 TL
• 25,000 30,000 TL
• 30,000 TL and above

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Exercise 4 (cont)

• How satisfied are you with the provision of
  educational services and social services in your
  area?
• Very satisfied
• Fairly satisfied
• Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
• Fairly dissatisfied
• Very dissatisfied

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Exercise 4 (cont)

• Do you think scientists should step up the
  research for new, more effective, affordable
  detection methods?
• Yes
• No

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Exercise 5

• Please design each of the above sources in the
  appropriate APA reference style
• a) 308-324.
• b) Journal of Culinary Science Technology
• c) Ruetzler, T.
• d) 21(4)
• e) Food, bevarage, and service quality Does
  culture impact satisfaction with university food
  services?
• f) (2008).

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Exercise 5- Answers
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Exercise 5 (cont)

• a) APA Online
• b) (2004).
• c) retrieved May 22, 2008
• d) American Psychological Association
• e) from http//apa.org/pi.viotv.html
• f) Violence on television What do children
  learn? What can parents do?

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Exercise 5- Answers