State and Church in the High Middle Ages, 1000

1
Chapter 9

• State and Church in the High Middle Ages,
  10001300

2
In this thirteenth-century manuscript

• In this thirteenth-century manuscript, knights of
  King Henry II stab Archbishop Thomas Becket in
  1170 in Canterbury Cathedral, a dramatic example
  of church-state conflict. Becket was soon made a
  saint, and the spot where the murder occurred
  became a pilgrimage site it is still a top
  tourist destination.

HIP/Art Resource, NY
3
The Growth of the Kingdom of France

• Some scholars believe that Philip II received the
  title Augustus (from a Latin word meaning to
  increase) because he vastly expanded the
  territories of the kingdom of France. The
  province of Toulouse in the south became part of
  France as a result of the crusade against the
  Albigensians

4
Almohad Banner

• This finely worked embroidered banner is typical
  of Muslim style it incorporates Arabic lettering
  on the edges and includes no representation of
  the human form. The Almohads were a strict Muslim
  dynasty from North Africa that had ruled about
  half of Spain in the twelfth century. In 1212
  King Alfonso VIII of Castile won a decisive
  victory over Almohad forces at Las Navas de
  Tolosa, and Christian holdings in Spain increased.

Institut Amatller dArt Hispanic
5
Palatine Chapel at Palermo(11321140)

• Muslim craftsmen from Egypt painted the wooden
  ceiling of the royal chapel for King Roger of
  Sicily. This section shows the diverse
  peoplesJews, Christians, Muslimswho lived in
  Palermo.

Burgerbibliothek Bern Cod. 120 II, fol. 98r
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Emperor Otto III Handing a Staff to Archbishop
Adalbert of Prague (tenth century)

• The staff, or crozier, symbolized a bishops
  spiritual authority. Receiving the staff from the
  emperor gave the appearance that the bishop
  gained his spiritual rights from the secular
  power. Pope Gregory VII vigorously objected to
  this practice.

Bildarchiv Marburg/Art Resource, NY
7
Countess Matilda

• A staunch supporter of the reforming ideals of
  the papacy, Countess Matilda (ca 10461115)
  planned this dramatic meeting at her castle at
  Canossa in the Apennines. The arrangement of the
  figuresKing Henry kneeling, Abbot Hugh of Cluny
  lecturing, and Matilda persuading suggests
  contemporary understanding of the scene in which
  Henry received absolution. Matildas vast estates
  in northern Italy and her political contacts in
  Rome made her a person of considerable influence
  in the late eleventh century.

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana
8
An engraving

• An engraving (18th century) of the mass suicide
  of the Jews of Worms in 1096, when they were
  overwhelmed by Crusaders (with shields).

Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/Art
Resource, NY
9
Christianization of the Baltic Region

• Dioceses and monasteries served as the means by
  which pagan Baltic peoples were Christianized and
  brought into the framework of Latin Christian
  culture.

Source Some data from R. Bartlett, The Making of
Europe Conquest, Colonization and Cultural
Change, 9501350 Princeton, N.J. Princeton
University Press, 1993, pp. 16 and 259