The High Middle Ages: The Church

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Section 1.4

• The High Middle Ages The Church

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In times of stress, insecurity, where do people
turn?
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Church is Omnipresent

• Act of Homage
• Monarchial Crowning
• Guilds had patron saint
• Cathedrals
• Referee at battles
• Served as the KYW of its time
• News, time, when to plant/harvest

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How does this work by Sassetta capture the
medieval Weltanschauung?Vats a Weltanschauung,
anyvay (oops)? Anyway
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What was the Church like before 1000?

• Fragmented and localized
• Clergy uneducated, illiterate, semi-pagan
• Corrupt clergy

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How did Gregory VII extend Papal power?

• Called for more discipline in Church
• Celibacy
• Declared that Pope is supreme over Kings
• Called for end of lay investiture
• Henry IV of HRE
• excommunicated

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How did Innocent III extend Church Power?

• Forbade priests from officiating ordeals/battles
• Relics controlled
• Sacraments declared path to salvation
• Transubstantiation declared legit

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How did the Churchs intellectual activity grow
and contribute to Europes modernization?

• Universities formed after 1200
• Thomas Aquinas
• Saved works of the Ancients
• Scholasticism
• Note It also held back modernization later

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The Crusades

• Religious Wars
• Pope Urban II (1095)
• Reasons for calling them?
• Jerusalem
• Christian Unity (East and West)
• Riffraff
• Other?

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What impact did the Crusades have on Europe?

• Power of pope and of Europe
• Ultimately weakened Church (Childrens Crusade)
• Exposed Europeans to a more advanced culture
• Opened up trade with the East

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Europe (of 1300) is on the Threshold of the
Modern Age

• Competitive and innovative
• Church and State are separate institutions
• Urban centers growing
• Parliamentary and judicial institutions promote
  codified law
• Intellectuals willing to challenge old traditions